Where the numbers come from
Sources
Every figure on this site comes from a published official source, and every one is listed here with a link so you can check it yourself.
If a figure cannot be traced back to a source you can open and read, it does not belong on the site. That is the whole basis on which this thing is worth reading, so the list below is generated directly from the data the dashboard displays. It cannot fall out of step with what you see.
How current each figure is
Checked on 2026-10-01. Publishers release new figures on their own timetables, and a new figure only appears here once it has been read from the source and checked, so for a while after each release this site is behind. This section says where.
Newer figures published. For every card drawn from an Office for National Statistics time series, the series itself was checked: 20 are up to date and 0 have a newer period published than the one shown.
Probably due an update. Other cards whose newest reading is older than a figure of that kind is normally published: about four months for a monthly figure, seven for a quarterly one, and two years from the end of the period for an annual one. Some publishers run late or have paused a series, and a survey run every two years will appear here between rounds, so this is a prompt to check the source rather than a finding that a figure is out of date. Where the publisher has said why a series has not moved, the reason is given.
| Indicator | Newest shown | Why | Source |
|---|---|---|---|
| Infant mortality rate, United Kingdom | 2021 | The Office for National Statistics no longer compiles a UK figure: it now produces mortality statistics for England and Wales only (Freedom of Information reply, March 2026). Publisher | source |
| Aggregate net property wealth, Great Britain and 29 related cards | April 2020 to March 2022 | The next round of the Wealth and Assets Survey (April 2022 to March 2024) is delayed; the Office for National Statistics is working towards publishing it in winter 2027/28. Publisher | source |
| Aggregate household property debt, Great Britain and 16 related cards | April 2020 to March 2022 | The next round of the Wealth and Assets Survey (April 2022 to March 2024) is delayed; the Office for National Statistics is working towards publishing it in winter 2027/28. Publisher | source |
| Return on capital of the 12 largest housebuilders Cost of capital for the largest housebuilders (Competition and Markets Authority estimate) | 2022 | From the Competition and Markets Authority's housebuilding market study, a one off report published in 2024; it is not updated. Publisher | source |
| Public sector current spending as a share of GDP, long run and 3 related cards | 2022-23 | The Office for Budget Responsibility has not updated its historical public finances database since July 2023. Publisher | source |
| Trade union membership, Great Britain (administrative count) | 2023-2024 | The 2025 trade union statistics (published 28 May 2026) are the latest; no date for the next release has been announced. Publisher | source |
| Gini coefficient, equivalised household disposable income, UK and 6 related cards | 2023/24 | The Office for National Statistics cancelled its separate inequality release for the year to March 2025; the figures move into its average household income release, confirmed for 2 October 2026. Publisher | source |
| Mean gross annual household income, UK, cash terms | 2023 | The Office for National Statistics cancelled its separate inequality release for the year to March 2025; the figures move into its average household income release, confirmed for 2 October 2026. Publisher | source |
| House price to gross household income | 2023 | The Office for National Statistics cancelled its separate inequality release for the year to March 2025; the figures move into its average household income release, confirmed for 2 October 2026. Publisher | source |
| Public spending on national roads and 4 related cards | 2023-24 | The Department for Transport's spending by mode table has not yet been updated past 2023-24. Publisher | source |
| Mortgage payments as a share of all household income (Bank of England) | Q4 2025 | The Bank of England publishes this ratio in its Financial Stability Report; the next is due on 26 November 2026. Publisher | source |
Indicators
| Indicator | Source | Periods shown |
|---|---|---|
| The economy | ||
| Unemployment rate % of workforce, 16+ |
ONS Labour Market Overview | 1855 → May–Jul 2026 |
| CPI inflation annual % |
ONS Consumer Price Inflation | 1694 → Aug 2026 |
| GDP growth real, calendar year |
Office for National Statistics, Quarterly national accounts, GDP year on year growth (IHYP) | 1701 → 2025 |
| Bank Rate Bank of England policy rate |
Bank of England | 1694 → Jun 2026 |
| Real regular pay growth annual %, after inflation |
ONS Labour Market Overview | Mar–May 2024 → Mar–May 2026 |
| Public finances, tax and markets | ||
| Public sector net borrowing £bn, financial year (the deficit) |
ONS Public Sector Finances | 2024–25 → 2025–26 |
| National debt public sector net debt, % of GDP |
ONS Public Sector Finances | 1700 → Aug 2026 |
| Tax burden national-accounts taxes, % of GDP |
OBR Economic & Fiscal Outlook | 2024–25 → 2025–26 |
| Debt interest £bn, central govt, financial year |
ONS Public Sector Finances | 2024–25 → 2025–26 |
| Defence spending % of GDP |
NATO, Defence expenditure of NATO countries (2014 to 2026), table 3 | 2024-25 → 2026-27 |
| 10-year gilt yield 10 year nominal spot yield, per cent |
Bank of England, Government liability curve, nominal spot yield at 10 years (yield curve estimates) | Jan 1979 → Jul 2026 |
| Sterling vs US dollar GBP/USD |
Yahoo Finance historical data, GBP/USD | Dec 2003 → Sep 2026 |
| Cost of living | ||
| Energy price cap typical annual dual-fuel bill |
Ofgem | Q3 2024 → Q3 2026 |
| Food-bank parcels Trussell emergency parcels, financial year |
Trussell Trust | 2023/24 → 2024/25 |
| Average house price UK, ONS House Price Index |
ONS House Price Index | Apr 2025 → Apr 2026 |
| Real household income per head trend (no single official £ level) |
ONS Quarterly National Accounts | trend only |
| NHS and public services | ||
| NHS England waiting list RTT pathways, millions |
NHS England RTT statistics | Jun 2024 → Feb 2026 |
| A&E four-hour performance % seen within 4 hours, all types |
NHS England A&E statistics | Jul 2024 → Apr 2026 |
| Ambulance response (Cat 2) mean response time, minutes |
NHS England Ambulance Quality Indicators | Jul 2024 → May 2026 |
| New homes delivered net additional dwellings, England, per year |
Ministry of Housing, Communities and Local Government, Live table 118: net additional dwellings | 2000-01 → 2024-25 |
| Rough sleeping single-night snapshot, England |
MHCLG Rough Sleeping Snapshot | Autumn 2023 → Autumn 2025 approx dates |
| Crime, borders and migration | ||
| Net migration year ending, thousands |
ONS International Migration | yr to Dec 2023 → yr to Dec 2025 |
| Small boat crossings Channel arrivals, calendar year |
Home Office / House of Commons Library | 2024 → 2025 |
| Knife-enabled crime offences, England & Wales, year ending |
ONS Crime in England & Wales | yr to Jun 2024 → yr to Dec 2025 |
| Asylum decision backlog cases awaiting initial decision |
Home Office, Immigration system statistics, year ending June 2026 | Jun 2024 → Jun 2026 |
| Asylum seekers in hotels people in hotel accommodation |
Home Office, Immigration system statistics, year ending June 2026 | Jun 2024 → Jun 2026 |
| Prison population England & Wales (usable capacity in note) |
Ministry of Justice | Aug 2024 → Sep 2025 |
| The economy | ||
| Retail Prices Index inflation per cent change on a year earlier |
Office for National Statistics, series CZBH, RPI All Items percentage change over 12 months | 1949 → 2025 |
| Work and industry | ||
| Working days lost to labour disputes thousands of working days lost |
Office for National Statistics, series BBFW, Labour disputes: working days lost due to strike action, UK | 1891 → 2025 |
| Housing | ||
| New homes completed by local authorities and housing associations, England dwellings completed per year |
Ministry of Housing, Communities and Local Government, Live Table 244, permanent dwellings started and completed by tenure, England | 1946 → 2025 |
| Work and industry | ||
| Manufacturing share of all workforce jobs, UK per cent of all workforce jobs |
Office for National Statistics, workforce jobs series JWR7 (manufacturing) and DYDC (total), seasonally adjusted | 1978 → 2025 approx dates |
| Trade union membership as a share of employees, UK per cent of employees |
Department for Business and Trade, Trade union membership statistics 2025, Table 1.2b (Labour Force Survey) | 1995 → 2025 |
| Trade union membership, Great Britain (administrative count) thousands of members |
Department for Business and Trade, Trade union membership statistics 2025, Table 1.1 (Department of Employment 1892 to 1974; Certification Officer 1974 to 2024) | 1892 → 2023-2024 approx dates |
| Housing | ||
| Owner occupied share of households, England per cent of households |
Ministry of Housing, Communities and Local Government, English Housing Survey Table FT1101 (S101), Trends in tenure | 1918 → 2024-25 approx dates |
| Work and industry | ||
| Public sector employment as a share of total employment, UK per cent of total employment |
Office for National Statistics, series DB36, public sector employment as a percentage of total employment, UK, headcount, not seasonally adjusted | 1992 → 2025 approx dates |
| Health and society | ||
| Life expectancy at birth, males, United Kingdom years |
Office for National Statistics, Single year life tables, UK and constituent countries | 1980 → 2024 |
| Life expectancy at birth, females, United Kingdom years |
Office for National Statistics, Single year life tables, UK and constituent countries | 1980 → 2024 |
| Infant mortality rate, United Kingdom deaths under one year per 1,000 live births |
Office for National Statistics, Vital statistics in the UK: births, deaths and marriages, annual reference tables, worksheet 3 | 1900 → 2021 |
| Children in relative low income households, before housing costs, United Kingdom percent of children |
Department for Work and Pensions, Households Below Average Income, summary table 1.4a | 1994/95 → 2024/25 |
| Children in relative low income households, after housing costs, United Kingdom percent of children |
Department for Work and Pensions, Households Below Average Income, summary table 1.4a | 1994/95 → 2024/25 |
| Pupils achieving five or more O level passes or GCSE grades A* to C or equivalent percent of the relevant population |
House of Commons Library, Education: Historical statistics, research briefing SN04252, Table 6 | 1953/54 → 2011/12 |
| Pupils achieving grade 5 or above in GCSE English and maths, England percent of pupils at the end of key stage 4 |
Department for Education, Key stage 4 performance, national characteristics summary data | 2018/19 → 2024/25 |
| Housing | ||
| Ratio of median house price to median gross annual earnings, England and Wales ratio of price to annual earnings |
Office for National Statistics, Ratio of house price to workplace based earnings, table 1c | 1997 → 2025 approx dates |
| Energy and environment | ||
| Territorial greenhouse gas emissions, United Kingdom million tonnes of carbon dioxide equivalent |
Department for Energy Security and Net Zero, Final UK greenhouse gas emissions statistics 1990 to 2024, table 1.1 | 1990 → 2024 |
| Coal share of electricity generation, United Kingdom percent of electricity generated |
Department for Energy Security and Net Zero, Historical electricity data 1920 to 2025, Estimated Historical Generation | 1920 → 2025 |
| Wind, wave, solar and hydro share of electricity generation, United Kingdom percent of electricity generated |
Department for Energy Security and Net Zero, Historical electricity data 1920 to 2025, Estimated Historical Generation | 1920 → 2025 |
| Work and industry | ||
| Youth unemployment rate, ages 16 to 24 per cent of the economically active population aged 16 to 24 |
Office for National Statistics, series MGWY (Labour Force Survey) | 1992 → 2025 |
| Employment rate, ages 16 to 64 per cent of the population aged 16 to 64 |
Office for National Statistics, series LF24 (Labour Force Survey) | 1971 → 2025 |
| Number of people in employment, aged 16 and over thousands of people |
Office for National Statistics, series MGRZ (Labour Force Survey) | 1971 → 2025 |
| Health and society | ||
| State Pension recipients thousands of recipients, average over the financial year |
Department for Work and Pensions, benefit expenditure and caseload tables, Autumn Budget 2025 | 1955/56 → 2024/25 |
| Housing | ||
| Number of households thousands of households |
Office for National Statistics, Families and households, table 5 | 1996 → 2025 |
| Average household size people per household |
Office for National Statistics, Families and households, table 5 | 1996 → 2025 |
| Crime, borders and migration | ||
| Long term immigration to the UK people arriving for 12 months or more, year ending December |
Office for National Statistics, long term international immigration, emigration and net migration flows, provisional | 2012 → 2025 |
| Transport | ||
| Road traffic, cars and taxis billion vehicle miles |
Department for Transport, road traffic estimates, table TRA0101 | 1949 → 2025 |
| Road traffic, light commercial vehicles billion vehicle miles |
Department for Transport, road traffic estimates, table TRA0101 | 1949 → 2025 |
| Road traffic, heavy goods vehicles billion vehicle miles |
Department for Transport, road traffic estimates, table TRA0101 | 1949 → 2025 |
| Road traffic, motorcycles billion vehicle miles |
Department for Transport, road traffic estimates, table TRA0101 | 1949 → 2025 |
| Road traffic, buses and coaches billion vehicle miles |
Department for Transport, road traffic estimates, table TRA0101 | 1949 → 2025 |
| Road traffic, all motor vehicles billion vehicle miles |
Department for Transport, road traffic estimates, table TRA0101 | 1949 → 2025 |
| Passenger travel, buses and coaches billion passenger kilometres |
Department for Transport, Transport Statistics Great Britain, table TSGB0101a | 1952 → 2024 |
| Passenger travel, cars, vans and taxis billion passenger kilometres |
Department for Transport, Transport Statistics Great Britain, table TSGB0101a | 1952 → 2024 |
| Passenger travel, motorcycles billion passenger kilometres |
Department for Transport, Transport Statistics Great Britain, table TSGB0101a | 1952 → 2024 |
| Passenger travel, pedal cycles billion passenger kilometres |
Department for Transport, Transport Statistics Great Britain, table TSGB0101a | 1952 → 2024 |
| Passenger travel, all road modes billion passenger kilometres |
Department for Transport, Transport Statistics Great Britain, table TSGB0101a | 1952 → 2024 |
| Passenger travel, rail billion passenger kilometres |
Department for Transport, Transport Statistics Great Britain, table TSGB0101a | 1952 → 2024 |
| Passenger travel, air within the UK billion passenger kilometres |
Department for Transport, Transport Statistics Great Britain, table TSGB0101a | 1952 → 2024 |
| Passenger travel, all modes billion passenger kilometres |
Department for Transport, Transport Statistics Great Britain, table TSGB0101a | 1952 → 2024 |
| The economy | ||
| Ownership of UK quoted shares: UK resident individuals per cent of total UK quoted share value |
Office for National Statistics, Ownership of UK quoted shares, 2024 edition, table 12 | 1963 → 2024 |
| Ownership of UK quoted shares: Rest of the world per cent of total UK quoted share value |
Office for National Statistics, Ownership of UK quoted shares, 2024 edition, table 12 | 1963 → 2024 |
| Ownership of UK quoted shares: UK insurance companies per cent of total UK quoted share value |
Office for National Statistics, Ownership of UK quoted shares, 2024 edition, table 12 | 1963 → 2024 |
| Ownership of UK quoted shares: UK pension funds per cent of total UK quoted share value |
Office for National Statistics, Ownership of UK quoted shares, 2024 edition, table 12 | 1963 → 2024 |
| Ownership of UK quoted shares: Other UK financial institutions per cent of total UK quoted share value |
Office for National Statistics, Ownership of UK quoted shares, 2024 edition, table 12 | 1963 → 2024 |
| Ownership of UK quoted shares: UK unit trusts per cent of total UK quoted share value |
Office for National Statistics, Ownership of UK quoted shares, 2024 edition, table 12 | 1963 → 2024 |
| Ownership of UK quoted shares: UK investment trusts per cent of total UK quoted share value |
Office for National Statistics, Ownership of UK quoted shares, 2024 edition, table 12 | 1989 → 2024 |
| Ownership of UK quoted shares: UK banks per cent of total UK quoted share value |
Office for National Statistics, Ownership of UK quoted shares, 2024 edition, table 12 | 1963 → 2024 |
| Ownership of UK quoted shares: UK charities, churches and other non profit bodies per cent of total UK quoted share value |
Office for National Statistics, Ownership of UK quoted shares, 2024 edition, table 12 | 1963 → 2024 |
| Ownership of UK quoted shares: UK private non financial companies per cent of total UK quoted share value |
Office for National Statistics, Ownership of UK quoted shares, 2024 edition, table 12 | 1963 → 2024 |
| Ownership of UK quoted shares: UK public sector per cent of total UK quoted share value |
Office for National Statistics, Ownership of UK quoted shares, 2024 edition, table 12 | 1963 → 2024 |
| Public finances | ||
| Holders of UK government debt: insurance companies and pension funds per cent of gilts outstanding |
UK Debt Management Office, distribution of gilt holdings (Office for National Statistics data) | 1987 Q1 → 2026 Q1 |
| Holders of UK government debt: overseas holders per cent of gilts outstanding |
UK Debt Management Office, distribution of gilt holdings (Office for National Statistics data) | 1987 Q1 → 2026 Q1 |
| Holders of UK government debt: the Bank of England per cent of gilts outstanding |
UK Debt Management Office, distribution of gilt holdings (Office for National Statistics data) | 1987 Q1 → 2026 Q1 |
| Holders of UK government debt: banks and building societies per cent of gilts outstanding |
UK Debt Management Office, distribution of gilt holdings (Office for National Statistics data) | 1987 Q1 → 2026 Q1 |
| Holders of UK government debt: households per cent of gilts outstanding |
UK Debt Management Office, distribution of gilt holdings (Office for National Statistics data) | 1987 Q1 → 2026 Q1 |
| Holders of UK government debt: other financial institutions per cent of gilts outstanding |
UK Debt Management Office, distribution of gilt holdings (Office for National Statistics data) | 1987 Q1 → 2026 Q1 |
| Holders of UK government debt: other holders per cent of gilts outstanding |
UK Debt Management Office, distribution of gilt holdings (Office for National Statistics data) | 1987 Q1 → 2026 Q1 |
| Public sector current expenditure £ billion, cash |
Office for Budget Responsibility, Public finances databank, July 2026 | 1946-47 → 2025-26 |
| Public sector net investment £ billion, cash |
Office for Budget Responsibility, Public finances databank, July 2026 | 1946-47 → 2025-26 |
| Public sector gross investment £ billion, cash |
Office for Budget Responsibility, Public finances databank, July 2026 | 1946-47 → 2025-26 |
| Total managed expenditure £ billion, cash |
Office for Budget Responsibility, Public finances databank, July 2026 | 1946-47 → 2025-26 |
| Public sector current expenditure as a share of GDP per cent of GDP |
Office for Budget Responsibility, Public finances databank, July 2026 | 1948-49 → 2025-26 |
| Public sector net investment as a share of GDP per cent of GDP |
Office for Budget Responsibility, Public finances databank, July 2026 | 1948-49 → 2025-26 |
| Public sector gross investment as a share of GDP per cent of GDP |
Office for Budget Responsibility, Public finances databank, July 2026 | 1948-49 → 2025-26 |
| Total managed expenditure as a share of GDP per cent of GDP |
Office for Budget Responsibility, Public finances databank, July 2026 | 1948-49 → 2025-26 |
| Public sector current spending as a share of GDP, long run per cent of GDP |
Office for Budget Responsibility, Historical public finances database | 1900-01 → 2022-23 |
| Public sector gross investment as a share of GDP, long run per cent of GDP |
Office for Budget Responsibility, Historical public finances database | 1856-57 → 2022-23 |
| Public sector current spending, long run £ million, cash |
Office for Budget Responsibility, Historical public finances database | 1900-01 → 2022-23 |
| Public sector gross investment, long run £ million, cash |
Office for Budget Responsibility, Historical public finances database | 1856-57 → 2022-23 |
| Public sector net worth, excluding public sector banks £ billion |
Office for National Statistics, public sector finances, series J8RQ | 31 March 1998 → 31 March 2026 |
| Public sector non financial assets £ billion |
Office for National Statistics, public sector finances, series JI5V | 31 March 1998 → 31 March 2026 |
| Public sector net financial liabilities, excluding public sector banks £ billion |
Office for National Statistics, public sector finances, series CPNF | 31 March 1998 → 31 March 2026 |
| Central government net acquisition of company securities £ million, cash |
Office for National Statistics, public sector finances, series ABIF | 1978 → 2025 |
| Government revenues from UK oil and gas production £ million, cash |
HM Revenue and Customs, Statistics of government revenues from UK oil and gas production, September 2025, Table 2 | 1968-69 → 2024-25 |
| Whole of Government Accounts: total assets £ billion |
HM Treasury, Whole of Government Accounts | 2011-12 → 2024-25 |
| Whole of Government Accounts: total liabilities £ billion |
HM Treasury, Whole of Government Accounts | 2013-14 → 2024-25 |
| Whole of Government Accounts: net liabilities £ billion |
HM Treasury, Whole of Government Accounts | 2011-12 → 2024-25 |
| Norway Government Pension Fund Global: fund value billion Norwegian kroner (NOK) |
Norges Bank Investment Management, the fund’s value | 1998 → 2025 |
| Norway Government Pension Fund Global: cumulative inflows after management costs billion Norwegian kroner (NOK) |
Norges Bank Investment Management, the fund’s value | 1998 → 2025 |
| Norway Government Pension Fund Global: inflow of capital billion Norwegian kroner (NOK) |
Norges Bank Investment Management, the fund’s value | 2021 → 2025 |
| Norway Government Pension Fund Global: withdrawal of capital billion Norwegian kroner (NOK) |
Norges Bank Investment Management, the fund’s value | 2021 → 2025 |
| Cost of living | ||
| Petrol pump price, UK weekly average pence per litre |
Department for Energy Security and Net Zero, Weekly road fuel prices | 9 Jun 2003 → 28 Sep 2026 |
| Diesel pump price, UK weekly average pence per litre |
Department for Energy Security and Net Zero, Weekly road fuel prices | 9 Jun 2003 → 28 Sep 2026 |
| Fuel duty rate on petrol pence per litre |
Department for Energy Security and Net Zero, Weekly road fuel prices | 9 Jun 2003 → 28 Sep 2026 |
| Fuel duty rate on diesel pence per litre |
Department for Energy Security and Net Zero, Weekly road fuel prices | 9 Jun 2003 → 28 Sep 2026 |
| VAT rate applied to road fuel per cent |
Department for Energy Security and Net Zero, Weekly road fuel prices | 9 Jun 2003 → 28 Sep 2026 |
| Domestic heating oil price (standard grade burning oil) pence per litre |
Department for Energy Security and Net Zero, Table 4.1.1, typical retail prices of petroleum products and a crude oil price index (monthly) | Jan 1989 → Sep 2026 |
| Energy and environment | ||
| Brent crude oil spot price (Europe, free on board) US dollars per barrel |
U.S. Energy Information Administration, Europe Brent Spot Price FOB, EIA series key RBRTE | May 1987 → Aug 2026 |
| West Texas Intermediate crude oil spot price (Cushing, Oklahoma, free on board) US dollars per barrel |
U.S. Energy Information Administration, Cushing, OK WTI Spot Price FOB, EIA series key RWTC | Jan 1986 → Aug 2026 |
| The economy | ||
| Total gross value added (current prices) GBP million |
Office for National Statistics, GDP output approach, low level aggregates, worksheet 1, dataset identifier code KKP5 | 1990 → 2025 |
| Gross value added: agriculture, forestry and fishing (current prices) GBP million |
Office for National Statistics, GDP output approach, low level aggregates, worksheet 1, dataset identifier code KKD5 | 1990 → 2025 |
| Gross value added: production (current prices) GBP million |
Office for National Statistics, GDP output approach, low level aggregates, worksheet 1, dataset identifier code KKJ5 | 1990 → 2025 |
| Gross value added: manufacturing (current prices) GBP million |
Office for National Statistics, GDP output approach, low level aggregates, worksheet 1, dataset identifier code KKE3 | 1990 → 2025 |
| Gross value added: construction (current prices) GBP million |
Office for National Statistics, GDP output approach, low level aggregates, worksheet 1, dataset identifier code KKI3 | 1990 → 2025 |
| Gross value added: services (current prices) GBP million |
Office for National Statistics, GDP output approach, low level aggregates, worksheet 1, dataset identifier code KKJ7 | 1990 → 2025 |
| Health and society | ||
| Gini coefficient, equivalised household disposable income, UK Gini coefficient (percent) |
Office for National Statistics, Effects of taxes and benefits on household income | 1977 → 2023/24 |
| Gini coefficient, equivalised household gross income, UK Gini coefficient (percent) |
Office for National Statistics, Effects of taxes and benefits on household income | 1977 → 2023/24 |
| Gini coefficient, equivalised household original income, UK Gini coefficient (percent) |
Office for National Statistics, Effects of taxes and benefits on household income | 1977 → 2023/24 |
| Share of total household disposable income held by the richest 1% of people, UK percent |
Office for National Statistics, Effects of taxes and benefits on household income | 2001/02 → 2023/24 |
| Palma ratio, household disposable income, UK ratio |
Office for National Statistics, Effects of taxes and benefits on household income | 1977 → 2023/24 |
| S80 to S20 income ratio, UK ratio |
Office for National Statistics, Effects of taxes and benefits on household income | 1977 → 2023/24 |
| P90 to P10 income ratio, UK ratio |
Office for National Statistics, Effects of taxes and benefits on household income | 1977 → 2023/24 |
| Aggregate net property wealth, Great Britain £ billion |
Office for National Statistics, Wealth and Assets Survey | July 2006 to June 2008 → April 2020 to March 2022 |
| Aggregate private pension wealth, Great Britain £ billion |
Office for National Statistics, Wealth and Assets Survey | July 2006 to June 2008 → April 2020 to March 2022 |
| Aggregate net financial wealth, Great Britain £ billion |
Office for National Statistics, Wealth and Assets Survey | July 2006 to June 2008 → April 2020 to March 2022 |
| Aggregate physical wealth, Great Britain £ billion |
Office for National Statistics, Wealth and Assets Survey | July 2006 to June 2008 → April 2020 to March 2022 |
| Aggregate total household wealth, Great Britain £ billion |
Office for National Statistics, Wealth and Assets Survey | July 2006 to June 2008 → April 2020 to March 2022 |
| Property wealth as a share of total household wealth, Great Britain percent |
Office for National Statistics, Wealth and Assets Survey | July 2006 to June 2008 → April 2020 to March 2022 |
| Private pension wealth as a share of total household wealth, Great Britain percent |
Office for National Statistics, Wealth and Assets Survey | July 2006 to June 2008 → April 2020 to March 2022 |
| Net financial wealth as a share of total household wealth, Great Britain percent |
Office for National Statistics, Wealth and Assets Survey | July 2006 to June 2008 → April 2020 to March 2022 |
| Physical wealth as a share of total household wealth, Great Britain percent |
Office for National Statistics, Wealth and Assets Survey | July 2006 to June 2008 → April 2020 to March 2022 |
| Gini coefficient, total household wealth, Great Britain Gini coefficient (0 to 1) |
Office for National Statistics, Wealth and Assets Survey | July 2006 to June 2008 → April 2020 to March 2022 |
| Gini coefficient, net property wealth, Great Britain Gini coefficient (0 to 1) |
Office for National Statistics, Wealth and Assets Survey | July 2006 to June 2008 → April 2020 to March 2022 |
| Gini coefficient, private pension wealth, Great Britain Gini coefficient (0 to 1) |
Office for National Statistics, Wealth and Assets Survey | July 2006 to June 2008 → April 2020 to March 2022 |
| Gini coefficient, net financial wealth, Great Britain Gini coefficient (0 to 1) |
Office for National Statistics, Wealth and Assets Survey | July 2006 to June 2008 → April 2020 to March 2022 |
| Gini coefficient, physical wealth, Great Britain Gini coefficient (0 to 1) |
Office for National Statistics, Wealth and Assets Survey | July 2006 to June 2008 → April 2020 to March 2022 |
| Median household total wealth, Great Britain £ |
Office for National Statistics, Wealth and Assets Survey | July 2006 to June 2008 → April 2020 to March 2022 |
| Median household wealth excluding private pensions, Great Britain £ |
Office for National Statistics, Wealth and Assets Survey | July 2006 to June 2008 → April 2020 to March 2022 |
| Household total wealth at the 25th percentile, Great Britain £ |
Office for National Statistics, Wealth and Assets Survey | July 2006 to June 2008 → April 2020 to March 2022 |
| Household total wealth at the 75th percentile, Great Britain £ |
Office for National Statistics, Wealth and Assets Survey | July 2006 to June 2008 → April 2020 to March 2022 |
| Aggregate total wealth held by the wealthiest tenth of households, Great Britain £ million |
Office for National Statistics, Wealth and Assets Survey | July 2006 to June 2008 → April 2020 to March 2022 |
| Aggregate total wealth held by the least wealthy tenth of households, Great Britain £ million |
Office for National Statistics, Wealth and Assets Survey | July 2006 to June 2008 → April 2020 to March 2022 |
| Aggregate household property debt, Great Britain £ billion |
Office for National Statistics, Wealth and Assets Survey, household debt tables | July 2010 to June 2012 → April 2020 to March 2022 |
| Aggregate household financial debt, Great Britain £ billion |
Office for National Statistics, Wealth and Assets Survey, household debt tables | July 2010 to June 2012 → April 2020 to March 2022 |
| Aggregate household total debt, Great Britain £ billion |
Office for National Statistics, Wealth and Assets Survey, household debt tables | July 2010 to June 2012 → April 2020 to March 2022 |
| Percentage of households with property debt, Great Britain percent |
Office for National Statistics, Wealth and Assets Survey, household debt tables | July 2010 to June 2012 → April 2020 to March 2022 |
| Percentage of households with financial debt, Great Britain percent |
Office for National Statistics, Wealth and Assets Survey, household debt tables | July 2010 to June 2012 → April 2020 to March 2022 |
| Median property debt among households holding it, Great Britain £ |
Office for National Statistics, Wealth and Assets Survey, household debt tables | July 2010 to June 2012 → April 2020 to March 2022 |
| Median financial debt among households holding it, Great Britain £ |
Office for National Statistics, Wealth and Assets Survey, household debt tables | July 2010 to June 2012 → April 2020 to March 2022 |
| Housing | ||
| Median house price, England and Wales £ |
Office for National Statistics, House price to workplace based earnings ratio | 1997 → 2025 |
| Cost of living | ||
| Median gross annual full time earnings, workplace based, England and Wales £ |
Office for National Statistics, House price to workplace based earnings ratio | 1997 → 2025 |
| Housing | ||
| House price to a single full time salary, England and Wales ratio |
Office for National Statistics, House price to workplace based earnings ratio | 1997 → 2025 approx dates |
| Cost of living | ||
| Mean gross annual household income, UK, cash terms £ |
Office for National Statistics, Effects of taxes and benefits on household income | 1997 → 2023 |
| Housing | ||
| House price to gross household income ratio |
Derived from Office for National Statistics house price and household income series | 1997 → 2023 approx dates |
| Average house price, United Kingdom, 1930 onwards £ |
Ministry of Housing, Communities and Local Government, Live Table 502, housing market: house prices from 1930 | 1930 → 2010 |
| Quoted mortgage rate, two year fixed, 75% loan to value, UK percent |
Bank of England, Interactive Statistical Database, quoted household interest rates | Jan 1995 → Aug 2026 |
| Quoted mortgage rate, two year fixed, 90% loan to value, UK percent |
Bank of England, Interactive Statistical Database, quoted household interest rates | May 2008 → Aug 2026 |
| Quoted mortgage revert to rate, UK percent |
Bank of England, Interactive Statistical Database, quoted household interest rates | Jan 1995 → Aug 2026 |
| Variable mortgage rate, UK, spliced long run percent |
Bank of England, A millennium of macroeconomic data for the UK, table M12 | Sep 1939 → Mar 2017 |
| Mortgage payments as a proportion of household income, owner occupiers, England percent |
Ministry of Housing, Communities and Local Government, English Housing Survey, annex table 2.5 | 2010-11 → 2024-25 |
| Average age of recent first time buyers, England years |
Ministry of Housing, Communities and Local Government, English Housing Survey, annex table 3.3 | 2003-04 → 2024-25 |
| Mean deposit paid by recent first time buyers, England £ |
Ministry of Housing, Communities and Local Government, English Housing Survey, annex table 2.1 | 2024-25 → 2024-25 |
| Median deposit paid by recent first time buyers, England £ |
Ministry of Housing, Communities and Local Government, English Housing Survey, annex table 2.1 | 2024-25 → 2024-25 |
| Tax rates and thresholds | ||
| Income tax personal allowance the income you can earn before paying income tax |
HM Revenue and Customs, Table A.1 Income Tax personal allowances and reliefs | 1990-91 → 2025-26 |
| Income tax higher-rate threshold total income at which the 40% rate starts |
HM Revenue and Customs, Table A.2 Rates of Income Tax | 1990-91 → 2025-26 |
| Basic rate of income tax per cent |
gov.uk, Income Tax rates and Personal Allowances | 2010-11 → 2025-26 |
| Higher rate of income tax per cent |
gov.uk, Income Tax rates and Personal Allowances | 2010-11 → 2025-26 |
| Additional rate of income tax per cent |
gov.uk, Income Tax rates and Personal Allowances | 2013-14 → 2025-26 |
| VAT standard rate per cent |
gov.uk, VAT rates | 2010-11 → 2025-26 |
| Employee National Insurance, main rate per cent |
gov.uk, National Insurance rates and allowances | 2010-11 → 2025-26 |
| Employer National Insurance, main rate per cent |
gov.uk, National Insurance rates and allowances | 2010-11 → 2025-26 |
| Corporation tax, main rate per cent |
gov.uk, Corporation Tax rates and reliefs | 2010-11 → 2025-26 |
| Crime and the justice system | ||
| Crime severity score severity score per 1,000 population, England and Wales |
Office for National Statistics, Crime Severity Score | 2002-03 → 2024-25 |
| Recorded crime, offence rate offences per 1,000 population, England and Wales |
Office for National Statistics, Crime Severity Score | 2002-03 → 2024-25 |
| Violence against the person, severity severity score per 1,000 population, England and Wales |
Office for National Statistics, Crime Severity Score | 2002-03 → 2024-25 |
| Sexual offences, severity severity score per 1,000 population, England and Wales |
Office for National Statistics, Crime Severity Score | 2002-03 → 2024-25 |
| Robbery, severity severity score per 1,000 population, England and Wales |
Office for National Statistics, Crime Severity Score | 2002-03 → 2024-25 |
| Theft offences, severity severity score per 1,000 population, England and Wales |
Office for National Statistics, Crime Severity Score | 2002-03 → 2024-25 |
| Criminal damage and arson, severity severity score per 1,000 population, England and Wales |
Office for National Statistics, Crime Severity Score | 2002-03 → 2024-25 |
| Other crimes against society, severity severity score per 1,000 population, England and Wales |
Office for National Statistics, Crime Severity Score | 2002-03 → 2024-25 |
| Stop and search rate, White people stop and searches per 1,000 people of that group, England and Wales |
Home Office, Stop and search, via Ethnicity facts and figures | 2006-07 → 2025-26 |
| Stop and search rate, Black people stop and searches per 1,000 people of that group, England and Wales |
Home Office, Stop and search, via Ethnicity facts and figures | 2006-07 → 2025-26 |
| Stop and search rate, Asian people stop and searches per 1,000 people of that group, England and Wales |
Home Office, Stop and search, via Ethnicity facts and figures | 2006-07 → 2025-26 |
| Stop and search rate, Mixed people stop and searches per 1,000 people of that group, England and Wales |
Home Office, Stop and search, via Ethnicity facts and figures | 2006-07 → 2025-26 |
| Stop and search rate, Other people stop and searches per 1,000 people of that group, England and Wales |
Home Office, Stop and search, via Ethnicity facts and figures | 2019-20 → 2025-26 |
| Arrest rate, White people arrests per 1,000 people of that group, England and Wales |
Home Office, Arrests by ethnicity, time series (stop and search, arrests and mental health detentions, year ending March 2026) | 2006-07 → 2025-26 |
| Arrest rate, Black people arrests per 1,000 people of that group, England and Wales |
Home Office, Arrests by ethnicity, time series (stop and search, arrests and mental health detentions, year ending March 2026) | 2006-07 → 2025-26 |
| Arrest rate, Asian people arrests per 1,000 people of that group, England and Wales |
Home Office, Arrests by ethnicity, time series (stop and search, arrests and mental health detentions, year ending March 2026) | 2006-07 → 2025-26 |
| Arrest rate, Mixed people arrests per 1,000 people of that group, England and Wales |
Home Office, Arrests by ethnicity, time series (stop and search, arrests and mental health detentions, year ending March 2026) | 2006-07 → 2025-26 |
| Arrest rate, Other people arrests per 1,000 people of that group, England and Wales |
Home Office, Arrests by ethnicity, time series (stop and search, arrests and mental health detentions, year ending March 2026) | 2006-07 → 2025-26 |
| Prison population, White prisoners people in prison in England and Wales, headcount on the date shown |
Ministry of Justice, Offender management statistics quarterly, prison population | 30 June 2025 → 30 June 2026 |
| Prison population, Black prisoners people in prison in England and Wales, headcount on the date shown |
Ministry of Justice, Offender management statistics quarterly, prison population | 30 June 2025 → 30 June 2026 |
| Prison population, Asian prisoners people in prison in England and Wales, headcount on the date shown |
Ministry of Justice, Offender management statistics quarterly, prison population | 30 June 2025 → 30 June 2026 |
| Prison population, Mixed prisoners people in prison in England and Wales, headcount on the date shown |
Ministry of Justice, Offender management statistics quarterly, prison population | 30 June 2025 → 30 June 2026 |
| Prison population, Other prisoners people in prison in England and Wales, headcount on the date shown |
Ministry of Justice, Offender management statistics quarterly, prison population | 30 June 2025 → 30 June 2026 |
| Prison population, British nationals people in prison in England and Wales, headcount on the date shown |
Ministry of Justice, Offender management statistics quarterly, prison population | 30 June 2025 → 30 June 2026 |
| Prison population, foreign nationals people in prison in England and Wales, headcount on the date shown |
Ministry of Justice, Offender management statistics quarterly, prison population | 30 June 2025 → 30 June 2026 |
| Remanded in custody, Black defendants, compared with white defendants rate relative to white defendants, where 1.0 is the same rate |
Ministry of Justice, Statistics on Ethnicity and the Criminal Justice System 2024 | 2020 → 2024 |
| Remanded in custody, Asian defendants, compared with white defendants rate relative to white defendants, where 1.0 is the same rate |
Ministry of Justice, Statistics on Ethnicity and the Criminal Justice System 2024 | 2020 → 2024 |
| Remanded in custody, Mixed defendants, compared with white defendants rate relative to white defendants, where 1.0 is the same rate |
Ministry of Justice, Statistics on Ethnicity and the Criminal Justice System 2024 | 2020 → 2024 |
| Remanded in custody, Other defendants, compared with white defendants rate relative to white defendants, where 1.0 is the same rate |
Ministry of Justice, Statistics on Ethnicity and the Criminal Justice System 2024 | 2020 → 2024 |
| Pleaded guilty at Crown Court, Black defendants, compared with white defendants rate relative to white defendants, where 1.0 is the same rate |
Ministry of Justice, Statistics on Ethnicity and the Criminal Justice System 2024 | 2020 → 2024 |
| Pleaded guilty at Crown Court, Asian defendants, compared with white defendants rate relative to white defendants, where 1.0 is the same rate |
Ministry of Justice, Statistics on Ethnicity and the Criminal Justice System 2024 | 2020 → 2024 |
| Pleaded guilty at Crown Court, Mixed defendants, compared with white defendants rate relative to white defendants, where 1.0 is the same rate |
Ministry of Justice, Statistics on Ethnicity and the Criminal Justice System 2024 | 2020 → 2024 |
| Pleaded guilty at Crown Court, Other defendants, compared with white defendants rate relative to white defendants, where 1.0 is the same rate |
Ministry of Justice, Statistics on Ethnicity and the Criminal Justice System 2024 | 2020 → 2024 |
| Average custodial sentence, White prisoners months, determinate sentences of released prisoners |
Ministry of Justice, Statistics on Ethnicity and the Criminal Justice System 2024 | 2020 → 2024 |
| Average custodial sentence, Black prisoners months, determinate sentences of released prisoners |
Ministry of Justice, Statistics on Ethnicity and the Criminal Justice System 2024 | 2020 → 2024 |
| Average custodial sentence, Asian prisoners months, determinate sentences of released prisoners |
Ministry of Justice, Statistics on Ethnicity and the Criminal Justice System 2024 | 2020 → 2024 |
| Average custodial sentence, Mixed prisoners months, determinate sentences of released prisoners |
Ministry of Justice, Statistics on Ethnicity and the Criminal Justice System 2024 | 2020 → 2024 |
| Average custodial sentence, Other prisoners months, determinate sentences of released prisoners |
Ministry of Justice, Statistics on Ethnicity and the Criminal Justice System 2024 | 2020 → 2024 |
| Sent straight to prison, Black offenders, compared with white offenders rate relative to white offenders, where 1.0 is the same rate |
Ministry of Justice, Statistics on Ethnicity and the Criminal Justice System 2024 | 2020 → 2024 |
| Sent straight to prison, Asian offenders, compared with white offenders rate relative to white offenders, where 1.0 is the same rate |
Ministry of Justice, Statistics on Ethnicity and the Criminal Justice System 2024 | 2020 → 2024 |
| Sent straight to prison, Mixed offenders, compared with white offenders rate relative to white offenders, where 1.0 is the same rate |
Ministry of Justice, Statistics on Ethnicity and the Criminal Justice System 2024 | 2020 → 2024 |
| Sent straight to prison, Other offenders, compared with white offenders rate relative to white offenders, where 1.0 is the same rate |
Ministry of Justice, Statistics on Ethnicity and the Criminal Justice System 2024 | 2020 → 2024 |
| Chance of prison for a like-for-like case, White offenders per cent, modelled probability for a reference offender |
Ministry of Justice, Statistics on Ethnicity and the Criminal Justice System 2024 | 2020 → 2024 |
| Chance of prison for a like-for-like case, Black offenders per cent, modelled probability for a reference offender |
Ministry of Justice, Statistics on Ethnicity and the Criminal Justice System 2024 | 2020 → 2024 |
| Chance of prison for a like-for-like case, Asian offenders per cent, modelled probability for a reference offender |
Ministry of Justice, Statistics on Ethnicity and the Criminal Justice System 2024 | 2020 → 2024 |
| Chance of prison for a like-for-like case, Mixed offenders per cent, modelled probability for a reference offender |
Ministry of Justice, Statistics on Ethnicity and the Criminal Justice System 2024 | 2020 → 2024 |
| Chance of prison for a like-for-like case, Other offenders per cent, modelled probability for a reference offender |
Ministry of Justice, Statistics on Ethnicity and the Criminal Justice System 2024 | 2020 → 2024 |
| Convicted once prosecuted, White defendants per cent of those prosecuted for an indictable offence who were convicted |
Ministry of Justice, Criminal justice statistics, via Ethnicity facts and figures | 2009 → 2017 |
| Convicted once prosecuted, Black defendants per cent of those prosecuted for an indictable offence who were convicted |
Ministry of Justice, Criminal justice statistics, via Ethnicity facts and figures | 2009 → 2017 |
| Convicted once prosecuted, Asian defendants per cent of those prosecuted for an indictable offence who were convicted |
Ministry of Justice, Criminal justice statistics, via Ethnicity facts and figures | 2009 → 2017 |
| Convicted once prosecuted, Mixed defendants per cent of those prosecuted for an indictable offence who were convicted |
Ministry of Justice, Criminal justice statistics, via Ethnicity facts and figures | 2009 → 2017 |
| Convicted once prosecuted, Other defendants per cent of those prosecuted for an indictable offence who were convicted |
Ministry of Justice, Criminal justice statistics, via Ethnicity facts and figures | 2009 → 2017 |
| Crimes ending in a charge per cent of crimes recorded by police, England and Wales |
Home Office, Crime outcomes in England and Wales, year ending March 2026 | Year to Mar 2015 → Year to Mar 2026 |
| Crimes closed with no suspect identified per cent of crimes recorded by police, England and Wales |
Home Office, Crime outcomes in England and Wales, year ending March 2026 | Year to Mar 2015 → Year to Mar 2026 |
| Crimes closed because the victim did not support action per cent of crimes recorded by police, England and Wales |
Home Office, Crime outcomes in England and Wales, year ending March 2026 | Year to Mar 2015 → Year to Mar 2026 |
| Tax rates and thresholds | ||
| Income tax additional-rate threshold total income at which the 45% rate starts |
HM Revenue and Customs, Table A.2 Rates of Income Tax | 2010-11 → 2025-26 |
| Capital gains tax annual exempt amount the gains you can make before paying capital gains tax |
HM Revenue and Customs, Capital Gains Tax rates and allowances | 2021-22 → 2025-26 |
| Health and society | ||
| Share of total income received by the poorest tenth of people, before housing costs percent |
Department for Work and Pensions, Households Below Average Income, table 2.2ts | 1994-95 → 2024-25 |
| Share of total income received by the second tenth of people, before housing costs percent |
Department for Work and Pensions, Households Below Average Income, table 2.2ts | 1994-95 → 2024-25 |
| Share of total income received by the third tenth of people, before housing costs percent |
Department for Work and Pensions, Households Below Average Income, table 2.2ts | 1994-95 → 2024-25 |
| Share of total income received by the fourth tenth of people, before housing costs percent |
Department for Work and Pensions, Households Below Average Income, table 2.2ts | 1994-95 → 2024-25 |
| Share of total income received by the fifth tenth of people, before housing costs percent |
Department for Work and Pensions, Households Below Average Income, table 2.2ts | 1994-95 → 2024-25 |
| Share of total income received by the sixth tenth of people, before housing costs percent |
Department for Work and Pensions, Households Below Average Income, table 2.2ts | 1994-95 → 2024-25 |
| Share of total income received by the seventh tenth of people, before housing costs percent |
Department for Work and Pensions, Households Below Average Income, table 2.2ts | 1994-95 → 2024-25 |
| Share of total income received by the eighth tenth of people, before housing costs percent |
Department for Work and Pensions, Households Below Average Income, table 2.2ts | 1994-95 → 2024-25 |
| Share of total income received by the ninth tenth of people, before housing costs percent |
Department for Work and Pensions, Households Below Average Income, table 2.2ts | 1994-95 → 2024-25 |
| Share of total income received by the richest tenth of people, before housing costs percent |
Department for Work and Pensions, Households Below Average Income, table 2.2ts | 1994-95 → 2024-25 |
| Share of total income received by the poorest tenth of people, after housing costs percent |
Department for Work and Pensions, Households Below Average Income, table 2.2ts | 1994-95 → 2024-25 |
| Share of total income received by the second tenth of people, after housing costs percent |
Department for Work and Pensions, Households Below Average Income, table 2.2ts | 1994-95 → 2024-25 |
| Share of total income received by the third tenth of people, after housing costs percent |
Department for Work and Pensions, Households Below Average Income, table 2.2ts | 1994-95 → 2024-25 |
| Share of total income received by the fourth tenth of people, after housing costs percent |
Department for Work and Pensions, Households Below Average Income, table 2.2ts | 1994-95 → 2024-25 |
| Share of total income received by the fifth tenth of people, after housing costs percent |
Department for Work and Pensions, Households Below Average Income, table 2.2ts | 1994-95 → 2024-25 |
| Share of total income received by the sixth tenth of people, after housing costs percent |
Department for Work and Pensions, Households Below Average Income, table 2.2ts | 1994-95 → 2024-25 |
| Share of total income received by the seventh tenth of people, after housing costs percent |
Department for Work and Pensions, Households Below Average Income, table 2.2ts | 1994-95 → 2024-25 |
| Share of total income received by the eighth tenth of people, after housing costs percent |
Department for Work and Pensions, Households Below Average Income, table 2.2ts | 1994-95 → 2024-25 |
| Share of total income received by the ninth tenth of people, after housing costs percent |
Department for Work and Pensions, Households Below Average Income, table 2.2ts | 1994-95 → 2024-25 |
| Share of total income received by the richest tenth of people, after housing costs percent |
Department for Work and Pensions, Households Below Average Income, table 2.2ts | 1994-95 → 2024-25 |
| Share of total disposable income received by the poorest tenth of households, long run percent |
Office for National Statistics, The effects of taxes and benefits on household income, historical datasets | 1977 → 2017-18 |
| Share of total disposable income received by the second tenth of households, long run percent |
Office for National Statistics, The effects of taxes and benefits on household income, historical datasets | 1977 → 2017-18 |
| Share of total disposable income received by the third tenth of households, long run percent |
Office for National Statistics, The effects of taxes and benefits on household income, historical datasets | 1977 → 2017-18 |
| Share of total disposable income received by the fourth tenth of households, long run percent |
Office for National Statistics, The effects of taxes and benefits on household income, historical datasets | 1977 → 2017-18 |
| Share of total disposable income received by the fifth tenth of households, long run percent |
Office for National Statistics, The effects of taxes and benefits on household income, historical datasets | 1977 → 2017-18 |
| Share of total disposable income received by the sixth tenth of households, long run percent |
Office for National Statistics, The effects of taxes and benefits on household income, historical datasets | 1977 → 2017-18 |
| Share of total disposable income received by the seventh tenth of households, long run percent |
Office for National Statistics, The effects of taxes and benefits on household income, historical datasets | 1977 → 2017-18 |
| Share of total disposable income received by the eighth tenth of households, long run percent |
Office for National Statistics, The effects of taxes and benefits on household income, historical datasets | 1977 → 2017-18 |
| Share of total disposable income received by the ninth tenth of households, long run percent |
Office for National Statistics, The effects of taxes and benefits on household income, historical datasets | 1977 → 2017-18 |
| Share of total disposable income received by the richest tenth of households, long run percent |
Office for National Statistics, The effects of taxes and benefits on household income, historical datasets | 1977 → 2017-18 |
| Share of total household wealth held by the least wealthy tenth of households, Great Britain percent |
Office for National Statistics, Wealth and Assets Survey, Total wealth, table 2.2 | July 2006 to June 2008 → April 2020 to March 2022 |
| Share of total household wealth held by the second tenth of households, Great Britain percent |
Office for National Statistics, Wealth and Assets Survey, Total wealth, table 2.2 | July 2006 to June 2008 → April 2020 to March 2022 |
| Share of total household wealth held by the third tenth of households, Great Britain percent |
Office for National Statistics, Wealth and Assets Survey, Total wealth, table 2.2 | July 2006 to June 2008 → April 2020 to March 2022 |
| Share of total household wealth held by the fourth tenth of households, Great Britain percent |
Office for National Statistics, Wealth and Assets Survey, Total wealth, table 2.2 | July 2006 to June 2008 → April 2020 to March 2022 |
| Share of total household wealth held by the fifth tenth of households, Great Britain percent |
Office for National Statistics, Wealth and Assets Survey, Total wealth, table 2.2 | July 2006 to June 2008 → April 2020 to March 2022 |
| Share of total household wealth held by the sixth tenth of households, Great Britain percent |
Office for National Statistics, Wealth and Assets Survey, Total wealth, table 2.2 | July 2006 to June 2008 → April 2020 to March 2022 |
| Share of total household wealth held by the seventh tenth of households, Great Britain percent |
Office for National Statistics, Wealth and Assets Survey, Total wealth, table 2.2 | July 2006 to June 2008 → April 2020 to March 2022 |
| Share of total household wealth held by the eighth tenth of households, Great Britain percent |
Office for National Statistics, Wealth and Assets Survey, Total wealth, table 2.2 | July 2006 to June 2008 → April 2020 to March 2022 |
| Share of total household wealth held by the ninth tenth of households, Great Britain percent |
Office for National Statistics, Wealth and Assets Survey, Total wealth, table 2.2 | July 2006 to June 2008 → April 2020 to March 2022 |
| Share of total household wealth held by the wealthiest tenth of households, Great Britain percent |
Office for National Statistics, Wealth and Assets Survey, Total wealth, table 2.2 | July 2006 to June 2008 → April 2020 to March 2022 |
| Share of total household debt owed by the least wealthy tenth of households, Great Britain percent |
Office for National Statistics, Wealth and Assets Survey, Household debt, table 7.3 | July 2010 to June 2012 → April 2020 to March 2022 |
| Share of total household debt owed by the second tenth of households, Great Britain percent |
Office for National Statistics, Wealth and Assets Survey, Household debt, table 7.3 | July 2010 to June 2012 → April 2020 to March 2022 |
| Share of total household debt owed by the third tenth of households, Great Britain percent |
Office for National Statistics, Wealth and Assets Survey, Household debt, table 7.3 | July 2010 to June 2012 → April 2020 to March 2022 |
| Share of total household debt owed by the fourth tenth of households, Great Britain percent |
Office for National Statistics, Wealth and Assets Survey, Household debt, table 7.3 | July 2010 to June 2012 → April 2020 to March 2022 |
| Share of total household debt owed by the fifth tenth of households, Great Britain percent |
Office for National Statistics, Wealth and Assets Survey, Household debt, table 7.3 | July 2010 to June 2012 → April 2020 to March 2022 |
| Share of total household debt owed by the sixth tenth of households, Great Britain percent |
Office for National Statistics, Wealth and Assets Survey, Household debt, table 7.3 | July 2010 to June 2012 → April 2020 to March 2022 |
| Share of total household debt owed by the seventh tenth of households, Great Britain percent |
Office for National Statistics, Wealth and Assets Survey, Household debt, table 7.3 | July 2010 to June 2012 → April 2020 to March 2022 |
| Share of total household debt owed by the eighth tenth of households, Great Britain percent |
Office for National Statistics, Wealth and Assets Survey, Household debt, table 7.3 | July 2010 to June 2012 → April 2020 to March 2022 |
| Share of total household debt owed by the ninth tenth of households, Great Britain percent |
Office for National Statistics, Wealth and Assets Survey, Household debt, table 7.3 | July 2010 to June 2012 → April 2020 to March 2022 |
| Share of total household debt owed by the wealthiest tenth of households, Great Britain percent |
Office for National Statistics, Wealth and Assets Survey, Household debt, table 7.3 | July 2010 to June 2012 → April 2020 to March 2022 |
| Housing | ||
| Return on capital of the 12 largest housebuilders percent |
Competition and Markets Authority, Housebuilding market study, Appendix A: Profitability, table A.1 | 2003 → 2022 |
| Cost of capital for the largest housebuilders (Competition and Markets Authority estimate) percent |
Competition and Markets Authority, Housebuilding market study, Appendix B: Cost of capital, table B.4 | 2003 → 2022 |
| Persimmon: operating margin percent |
Persimmon plc, annual reports | 2007 → 2025 |
| Barratt Redrow: operating margin percent |
Barratt Redrow plc, annual reports and results | 2008 → 2025 |
| Bellway: operating margin percent |
Bellway p.l.c., annual reports | 2006 → 2025 |
| Berkeley Group: operating margin percent |
The Berkeley Group Holdings plc, results announcements | 2007 → 2026 |
| Taylor Wimpey: operating margin percent |
Taylor Wimpey plc, annual reports | 2018 → 2025 |
| Vistry Group: operating margin percent |
Vistry Group plc, results | 2020 → 2025 |
| Price of building new housing (construction output price index) index, 2015 = 100 |
Office for National Statistics, Construction output price indices, new housing | Dec 2014 → Dec 2025 |
| Price of building private housing, 1955 to 2012 (discontinued index) index, 2005 = 100 |
Department for Business, Innovation and Skills, Quarterly construction price and cost indices | 1955 → 2012 |
| Price of building materials for new housing index, 2015 = 100 |
Department for Business and Trade, Monthly statistics of building materials and components, table 1b | 1996 → 2025 |
| Average weekly pay in construction £ per week, cash |
Office for National Statistics, Average weekly earnings, construction (K583) | 2000 → 2025 |
| Average price of a new build home, England £ |
HM Land Registry, UK House Price Index, new and existing homes | Dec 1995 → Dec 2025 |
| Average price of an existing home, England £ |
HM Land Registry, UK House Price Index, new and existing homes | Dec 1995 → Dec 2025 |
| Privatised industries | ||
| Dividends paid by the water companies, England and Wales £ million, cash |
Ofwat, Historic dividends since privatisation | 1990-91 → 2024-25 |
| Capital investment by the water companies, England and Wales £ million, 2024-25 prices |
Ofwat, Long term data series of company costs | 1985-86 → 2024-25 |
| Regulatory capital value of the water companies, 1990 to 2009 £ million, 2008-09 prices |
Ofwat, Financial performance and expenditure of the water companies 2008-09 (UK Government Web Archive) | 31 March 1990 → 31 March 2009 |
| Water companies' borrowing as a share of their asset value (gearing) percent of regulatory capital value |
Ofwat, Financial performance and expenditure reports 2003-04 to 2009-10 and 2012-13 data tables (UK Government Web Archive) | 31 March 2000 → 31 March 2013 |
| Net debt of the water companies, England and Wales £ million, cash at each year end |
Ofwat, Financial performance reports and Monitoring financial resilience reports | 31 March 2001 → 31 March 2025 |
| Rail passenger journeys, Great Britain million journeys |
Office of Rail and Road, Table 1220: Passenger journeys | 1872 → 2025-26 |
| Government support to the railway, Great Britain £ million, 2024-25 prices |
Office of Rail and Road, Table 7270: Government support to the rail industry | 1985-86 → 2024-25 |
| Transport | ||
| Public spending on national roads £ million, cash, financial year |
Department for Transport, Transport Statistics Great Britain, table TSGB1303 | 2005-06 → 2023-24 |
| Public spending on local roads £ million, cash, financial year |
Department for Transport, Transport Statistics Great Britain, table TSGB1303 | 2005-06 → 2023-24 |
| Public spending on local public transport £ million, cash, financial year |
Department for Transport, Transport Statistics Great Britain, table TSGB1303 | 2005-06 → 2023-24 |
| Public spending on railways £ million, cash, financial year |
Department for Transport, Transport Statistics Great Britain, table TSGB1303 | 2005-06 → 2023-24 |
| Public spending on other transport (ports, shipping and aviation) £ million, cash, financial year |
Department for Transport, Transport Statistics Great Britain, table TSGB1303 | 2005-06 → 2023-24 |
| Public spending on transport, all modes £bn, cash, financial year |
HM Treasury, Public Expenditure Statistical Analyses 2026, table 4.2 | 2003-04 → 2025-26 |
| Energy and environment | ||
| Wholesale gas price, day ahead (Great Britain) pence per therm, monthly average |
Ofgem, Wholesale market indicators | Oct 2009 → Jun 2026 |
| Wholesale electricity price, day ahead (Great Britain) £ per megawatt hour, monthly average |
Ofgem, Wholesale market indicators | Jun 2010 → Jun 2026 |
| Cost of living | ||
| Food price inflation (food and non alcoholic drinks) % change on a year earlier |
Office for National Statistics, Consumer price inflation, series D7G8 | Jan 1989 → Aug 2026 |
| Price of a white sliced loaf, 800g, 1971 to 2025 pence |
Office for National Statistics, average price series CZOH | Jan 1971 → Jan 2025 |
| Price of a pint of milk, 1971 to 2025 pence |
Office for National Statistics, average price series CZNT | Jan 1971 → Jan 2025 |
| Price of a white sliced loaf, 800g, from 2025 £ |
Office for National Statistics, Shopping prices comparison tool | Jan 2025 → Aug 2026 |
| Price of semi skimmed milk, 1136ml (two pints), from 2025 £ |
Office for National Statistics, Shopping prices comparison tool | Jan 2025 → Aug 2026 |
| Price of a dozen free range eggs, from 2025 £ |
Office for National Statistics, Shopping prices comparison tool | Jan 2025 → Aug 2026 |
| Housing | ||
| Households of one person living alone thousands of households |
Office for National Statistics, Families and households in the UK: 2025 | 1996 → 2025 |
| Households of one person aged 65 or over living alone thousands of households |
Office for National Statistics, Families and households in the UK: 2025 | 1996 → 2025 |
| Households of one couple, with or without children thousands of households |
Office for National Statistics, Families and households in the UK: 2025 | 1996 → 2025 |
| Households of a couple with no children living with them thousands of households |
Office for National Statistics, Families and households in the UK: 2025 | 1996 → 2025 |
| Households of a lone parent with dependent children thousands of households |
Office for National Statistics, Families and households in the UK: 2025 | 1996 → 2025 |
| Households containing more than one family thousands of households |
Office for National Statistics, Families and households in the UK: 2025 | 1996 → 2025 |
| Households of two or more unrelated adults thousands of households |
Office for National Statistics, Families and households in the UK: 2025 | 1996 → 2025 |
| Share of households of one person, 1971 to 2011 (Great Britain) percent of households |
Office for National Statistics, General Lifestyle Survey overview 2011, chapter 3 trend tables | 1971 → 2011 |
| Health and society | ||
| Families with dependent children thousands of families |
Office for National Statistics, Families and households in the UK: 2025 | 1996 → 2025 |
| Lone parent families as a share of families with dependent children percent of families with dependent children |
Office for National Statistics, Families and households in the UK: 2025, table 1 (share calculated by this site) | 1996 → 2025 |
| Lone parents as a share of families with dependent children, 1971 to 2011 (Great Britain) percent of families with dependent children |
Office for National Statistics, General Lifestyle Survey overview 2011, chapter 3 trend tables | 1971 → 2011 |
| Total fertility rate, England and Wales children per woman |
Office for National Statistics, Births in England and Wales: 2024 (refreshed populations), and birth registrations 2025 | 1938 → 2025 |
| Housing | ||
| House price to income, first time buyers with a mortgage times gross income of the borrowers |
Office for National Statistics, House price data annual tables, table 30 | 1969 → 2025 |
| House price to income, all buyers with a mortgage times gross income of the borrowers |
Office for National Statistics, House price data annual tables, table 30 | 1969 → 2025 |
| Mortgage size to income, first time buyers times gross income of the borrowers |
Office for National Statistics, House price data annual tables, table 30 | 1969 → 2025 |
| Mortgage payment as a share of income, first time buyers percent of gross income of the borrowers |
Office for National Statistics, House price data annual tables, table 38 | 1988 → 2025 |
| Mortgage payment as a share of income, all new buyers percent of gross income of the borrowers |
Office for National Statistics, House price data annual tables, table 38 | 1988 → 2025 |
| Mortgage payments as a share of all household income (Bank of England) percent of household post tax income |
Bank of England, Financial Stability Report, July 2026, chart 5.3 data | Q2 1989 → Q4 2025 |
| Share of mortgage lending at 4 times income or more, single income borrowers percent of regulated mortgage lending |
Bank of England and Financial Conduct Authority, Mortgage lenders and administrators statistics, table 1.31 | Q1 2007 → Q2 2026 |
| Share of mortgage lending at 3 times income or more, joint income borrowers percent of regulated mortgage lending |
Bank of England and Financial Conduct Authority, Mortgage lenders and administrators statistics, table 1.31 | Q1 2007 → Q2 2026 |
| Markets | ||
| FTSE 100 index level, GBP |
Yahoo Finance historical data | Nov 1986 → Sep 2026 |
| FTSE 250 index level, GBP |
Yahoo Finance historical data | Nov 1986 → Sep 2026 |
| FTSE SmallCap index level, GBP |
Yahoo Finance historical data | Mar 1993 → Sep 2026 |
| S&P 500 index level, USD |
Yahoo Finance historical data | Nov 1986 → Sep 2026 |
| Nasdaq Composite index level, USD |
Yahoo Finance historical data | Nov 1986 → Sep 2026 |
| Russell 2000 index level, USD |
Yahoo Finance historical data | Oct 1987 → Sep 2026 |
| EURO STOXX 50 index level, EUR |
Yahoo Finance historical data | Apr 2007 → Sep 2026 |
| Nikkei 225 index level, JPY |
Yahoo Finance historical data | Nov 1986 → Sep 2026 |
| Hang Seng index level, HKD |
Yahoo Finance historical data | Jan 1987 → Sep 2026 |
| S&P/ASX 200 index level, AUD |
Yahoo Finance historical data | Dec 1992 → Sep 2026 |
| OMX Stockholm 30 index level, SEK |
Yahoo Finance historical data | Dec 2008 → Sep 2026 |
Government income and spending
The income and spending figures are built on the Office for National Statistics (ONS) public sector finances basis, so that income minus spending equals borrowing exactly rather than approximately. Composition detail comes from His Majesty's Revenue and Customs (HMRC) receipts data, HM Treasury public spending analyses, and the Office for Budget Responsibility (OBR).
Both years are published outturns. The Office for National Statistics describes the figures for the financial year ending March 2026 as provisional, so they can still be revised.
Pledge tracker
Pledge assessments draw on Full Fact's government tracker and House of Commons Library research briefings, both of which cite the underlying official data. Where no numeric target was ever set by the government, the tracker says so rather than inventing one to score against.
Licensing and attribution
Most of the data here is Crown copyright, published under the Open Government Licence version 3.0, which permits reuse with attribution:
Contains public sector information licensed under the Open Government Licence v3.0.
Some sources sit outside that licence and are treated accordingly:
- Bank of England data, including the Financial Conduct Authority's joint lending statistics, is used under the Bank's own terms, with attribution on every card.
- The Trussell Trust holds copyright in its food bank figures. Individual figures are cited with attribution.
- Stock market indices are proprietary to their providers, such as FTSE Russell and S&P Dow Jones Indices. Their month end levels are shown as historical reference, each card naming the trademark owner, with no claim of affiliation or endorsement.
Checking a figure yourself
Click the source link under any card. It goes to the official release, not to a summary of it. Where a figure needed a judgement call, for example choosing between two published measures of the same thing, the card says so.
Official statistics are also revised after publication, sometimes years later. A figure here reflects what the source said when this data was compiled, and the snapshot date is shown in the footer. If you find a figure that no longer matches its source, that is worth telling us about, and the corrections section explains how.