Where the numbers come from

Sources

Every figure on this site comes from a published official source, and every one is listed here with a link so you can check it yourself.

If a figure cannot be traced back to a source you can open and read, it does not belong on the site. That is the whole basis on which this thing is worth reading, so the list below is generated directly from the data the dashboard displays. It cannot fall out of step with what you see.

How current each figure is

Checked on 2026-10-01. Publishers release new figures on their own timetables, and a new figure only appears here once it has been read from the source and checked, so for a while after each release this site is behind. This section says where.

Newer figures published. For every card drawn from an Office for National Statistics time series, the series itself was checked: 20 are up to date and 0 have a newer period published than the one shown.

Probably due an update. Other cards whose newest reading is older than a figure of that kind is normally published: about four months for a monthly figure, seven for a quarterly one, and two years from the end of the period for an annual one. Some publishers run late or have paused a series, and a survey run every two years will appear here between rounds, so this is a prompt to check the source rather than a finding that a figure is out of date. Where the publisher has said why a series has not moved, the reason is given.

IndicatorNewest shownWhySource
Infant mortality rate, United Kingdom2021The Office for National Statistics no longer compiles a UK figure: it now produces mortality statistics for England and Wales only (Freedom of Information reply, March 2026). Publishersource
Aggregate net property wealth, Great Britain and 29 related cardsApril 2020 to March 2022The next round of the Wealth and Assets Survey (April 2022 to March 2024) is delayed; the Office for National Statistics is working towards publishing it in winter 2027/28. Publishersource
Aggregate household property debt, Great Britain and 16 related cardsApril 2020 to March 2022The next round of the Wealth and Assets Survey (April 2022 to March 2024) is delayed; the Office for National Statistics is working towards publishing it in winter 2027/28. Publishersource
Return on capital of the 12 largest housebuilders
Cost of capital for the largest housebuilders (Competition and Markets Authority estimate)
2022From the Competition and Markets Authority's housebuilding market study, a one off report published in 2024; it is not updated. Publishersource
Public sector current spending as a share of GDP, long run and 3 related cards2022-23The Office for Budget Responsibility has not updated its historical public finances database since July 2023. Publishersource
Trade union membership, Great Britain (administrative count)2023-2024The 2025 trade union statistics (published 28 May 2026) are the latest; no date for the next release has been announced. Publishersource
Gini coefficient, equivalised household disposable income, UK and 6 related cards2023/24The Office for National Statistics cancelled its separate inequality release for the year to March 2025; the figures move into its average household income release, confirmed for 2 October 2026. Publishersource
Mean gross annual household income, UK, cash terms2023The Office for National Statistics cancelled its separate inequality release for the year to March 2025; the figures move into its average household income release, confirmed for 2 October 2026. Publishersource
House price to gross household income2023The Office for National Statistics cancelled its separate inequality release for the year to March 2025; the figures move into its average household income release, confirmed for 2 October 2026. Publishersource
Public spending on national roads and 4 related cards2023-24The Department for Transport's spending by mode table has not yet been updated past 2023-24. Publishersource
Mortgage payments as a share of all household income (Bank of England)Q4 2025The Bank of England publishes this ratio in its Financial Stability Report; the next is due on 26 November 2026. Publishersource

Indicators

IndicatorSourcePeriods shown
The economy
Unemployment rate
% of workforce, 16+
ONS Labour Market Overview 1855 → May–Jul 2026
CPI inflation
annual %
ONS Consumer Price Inflation 1694 → Aug 2026
GDP growth
real, calendar year
Office for National Statistics, Quarterly national accounts, GDP year on year growth (IHYP) 1701 → 2025
Bank Rate
Bank of England policy rate
Bank of England 1694 → Jun 2026
Real regular pay growth
annual %, after inflation
ONS Labour Market Overview Mar–May 2024 → Mar–May 2026
Public finances, tax and markets
Public sector net borrowing
£bn, financial year (the deficit)
ONS Public Sector Finances 2024–25 → 2025–26
National debt
public sector net debt, % of GDP
ONS Public Sector Finances 1700 → Aug 2026
Tax burden
national-accounts taxes, % of GDP
OBR Economic & Fiscal Outlook 2024–25 → 2025–26
Debt interest
£bn, central govt, financial year
ONS Public Sector Finances 2024–25 → 2025–26
Defence spending
% of GDP
NATO, Defence expenditure of NATO countries (2014 to 2026), table 3 2024-25 → 2026-27
10-year gilt yield
10 year nominal spot yield, per cent
Bank of England, Government liability curve, nominal spot yield at 10 years (yield curve estimates) Jan 1979 → Jul 2026
Sterling vs US dollar
GBP/USD
Yahoo Finance historical data, GBP/USD Dec 2003 → Sep 2026
Cost of living
Energy price cap
typical annual dual-fuel bill
Ofgem Q3 2024 → Q3 2026
Food-bank parcels
Trussell emergency parcels, financial year
Trussell Trust 2023/24 → 2024/25
Average house price
UK, ONS House Price Index
ONS House Price Index Apr 2025 → Apr 2026
Real household income per head
trend (no single official £ level)
ONS Quarterly National Accounts trend only
NHS and public services
NHS England waiting list
RTT pathways, millions
NHS England RTT statistics Jun 2024 → Feb 2026
A&E four-hour performance
% seen within 4 hours, all types
NHS England A&E statistics Jul 2024 → Apr 2026
Ambulance response (Cat 2)
mean response time, minutes
NHS England Ambulance Quality Indicators Jul 2024 → May 2026
New homes delivered
net additional dwellings, England, per year
Ministry of Housing, Communities and Local Government, Live table 118: net additional dwellings 2000-01 → 2024-25
Rough sleeping
single-night snapshot, England
MHCLG Rough Sleeping Snapshot Autumn 2023 → Autumn 2025 approx dates
Crime, borders and migration
Net migration
year ending, thousands
ONS International Migration yr to Dec 2023 → yr to Dec 2025
Small boat crossings
Channel arrivals, calendar year
Home Office / House of Commons Library 2024 → 2025
Knife-enabled crime
offences, England & Wales, year ending
ONS Crime in England & Wales yr to Jun 2024 → yr to Dec 2025
Asylum decision backlog
cases awaiting initial decision
Home Office, Immigration system statistics, year ending June 2026 Jun 2024 → Jun 2026
Asylum seekers in hotels
people in hotel accommodation
Home Office, Immigration system statistics, year ending June 2026 Jun 2024 → Jun 2026
Prison population
England & Wales (usable capacity in note)
Ministry of Justice Aug 2024 → Sep 2025
The economy
Retail Prices Index inflation
per cent change on a year earlier
Office for National Statistics, series CZBH, RPI All Items percentage change over 12 months 1949 → 2025
Work and industry
Working days lost to labour disputes
thousands of working days lost
Office for National Statistics, series BBFW, Labour disputes: working days lost due to strike action, UK 1891 → 2025
Housing
New homes completed by local authorities and housing associations, England
dwellings completed per year
Ministry of Housing, Communities and Local Government, Live Table 244, permanent dwellings started and completed by tenure, England 1946 → 2025
Work and industry
Manufacturing share of all workforce jobs, UK
per cent of all workforce jobs
Office for National Statistics, workforce jobs series JWR7 (manufacturing) and DYDC (total), seasonally adjusted 1978 → 2025 approx dates
Trade union membership as a share of employees, UK
per cent of employees
Department for Business and Trade, Trade union membership statistics 2025, Table 1.2b (Labour Force Survey) 1995 → 2025
Trade union membership, Great Britain (administrative count)
thousands of members
Department for Business and Trade, Trade union membership statistics 2025, Table 1.1 (Department of Employment 1892 to 1974; Certification Officer 1974 to 2024) 1892 → 2023-2024 approx dates
Housing
Owner occupied share of households, England
per cent of households
Ministry of Housing, Communities and Local Government, English Housing Survey Table FT1101 (S101), Trends in tenure 1918 → 2024-25 approx dates
Work and industry
Public sector employment as a share of total employment, UK
per cent of total employment
Office for National Statistics, series DB36, public sector employment as a percentage of total employment, UK, headcount, not seasonally adjusted 1992 → 2025 approx dates
Health and society
Life expectancy at birth, males, United Kingdom
years
Office for National Statistics, Single year life tables, UK and constituent countries 1980 → 2024
Life expectancy at birth, females, United Kingdom
years
Office for National Statistics, Single year life tables, UK and constituent countries 1980 → 2024
Infant mortality rate, United Kingdom
deaths under one year per 1,000 live births
Office for National Statistics, Vital statistics in the UK: births, deaths and marriages, annual reference tables, worksheet 3 1900 → 2021
Children in relative low income households, before housing costs, United Kingdom
percent of children
Department for Work and Pensions, Households Below Average Income, summary table 1.4a 1994/95 → 2024/25
Children in relative low income households, after housing costs, United Kingdom
percent of children
Department for Work and Pensions, Households Below Average Income, summary table 1.4a 1994/95 → 2024/25
Pupils achieving five or more O level passes or GCSE grades A* to C or equivalent
percent of the relevant population
House of Commons Library, Education: Historical statistics, research briefing SN04252, Table 6 1953/54 → 2011/12
Pupils achieving grade 5 or above in GCSE English and maths, England
percent of pupils at the end of key stage 4
Department for Education, Key stage 4 performance, national characteristics summary data 2018/19 → 2024/25
Housing
Ratio of median house price to median gross annual earnings, England and Wales
ratio of price to annual earnings
Office for National Statistics, Ratio of house price to workplace based earnings, table 1c 1997 → 2025 approx dates
Energy and environment
Territorial greenhouse gas emissions, United Kingdom
million tonnes of carbon dioxide equivalent
Department for Energy Security and Net Zero, Final UK greenhouse gas emissions statistics 1990 to 2024, table 1.1 1990 → 2024
Coal share of electricity generation, United Kingdom
percent of electricity generated
Department for Energy Security and Net Zero, Historical electricity data 1920 to 2025, Estimated Historical Generation 1920 → 2025
Wind, wave, solar and hydro share of electricity generation, United Kingdom
percent of electricity generated
Department for Energy Security and Net Zero, Historical electricity data 1920 to 2025, Estimated Historical Generation 1920 → 2025
Work and industry
Youth unemployment rate, ages 16 to 24
per cent of the economically active population aged 16 to 24
Office for National Statistics, series MGWY (Labour Force Survey) 1992 → 2025
Employment rate, ages 16 to 64
per cent of the population aged 16 to 64
Office for National Statistics, series LF24 (Labour Force Survey) 1971 → 2025
Number of people in employment, aged 16 and over
thousands of people
Office for National Statistics, series MGRZ (Labour Force Survey) 1971 → 2025
Health and society
State Pension recipients
thousands of recipients, average over the financial year
Department for Work and Pensions, benefit expenditure and caseload tables, Autumn Budget 2025 1955/56 → 2024/25
Housing
Number of households
thousands of households
Office for National Statistics, Families and households, table 5 1996 → 2025
Average household size
people per household
Office for National Statistics, Families and households, table 5 1996 → 2025
Crime, borders and migration
Long term immigration to the UK
people arriving for 12 months or more, year ending December
Office for National Statistics, long term international immigration, emigration and net migration flows, provisional 2012 → 2025
Transport
Road traffic, cars and taxis
billion vehicle miles
Department for Transport, road traffic estimates, table TRA0101 1949 → 2025
Road traffic, light commercial vehicles
billion vehicle miles
Department for Transport, road traffic estimates, table TRA0101 1949 → 2025
Road traffic, heavy goods vehicles
billion vehicle miles
Department for Transport, road traffic estimates, table TRA0101 1949 → 2025
Road traffic, motorcycles
billion vehicle miles
Department for Transport, road traffic estimates, table TRA0101 1949 → 2025
Road traffic, buses and coaches
billion vehicle miles
Department for Transport, road traffic estimates, table TRA0101 1949 → 2025
Road traffic, all motor vehicles
billion vehicle miles
Department for Transport, road traffic estimates, table TRA0101 1949 → 2025
Passenger travel, buses and coaches
billion passenger kilometres
Department for Transport, Transport Statistics Great Britain, table TSGB0101a 1952 → 2024
Passenger travel, cars, vans and taxis
billion passenger kilometres
Department for Transport, Transport Statistics Great Britain, table TSGB0101a 1952 → 2024
Passenger travel, motorcycles
billion passenger kilometres
Department for Transport, Transport Statistics Great Britain, table TSGB0101a 1952 → 2024
Passenger travel, pedal cycles
billion passenger kilometres
Department for Transport, Transport Statistics Great Britain, table TSGB0101a 1952 → 2024
Passenger travel, all road modes
billion passenger kilometres
Department for Transport, Transport Statistics Great Britain, table TSGB0101a 1952 → 2024
Passenger travel, rail
billion passenger kilometres
Department for Transport, Transport Statistics Great Britain, table TSGB0101a 1952 → 2024
Passenger travel, air within the UK
billion passenger kilometres
Department for Transport, Transport Statistics Great Britain, table TSGB0101a 1952 → 2024
Passenger travel, all modes
billion passenger kilometres
Department for Transport, Transport Statistics Great Britain, table TSGB0101a 1952 → 2024
The economy
Ownership of UK quoted shares: UK resident individuals
per cent of total UK quoted share value
Office for National Statistics, Ownership of UK quoted shares, 2024 edition, table 12 1963 → 2024
Ownership of UK quoted shares: Rest of the world
per cent of total UK quoted share value
Office for National Statistics, Ownership of UK quoted shares, 2024 edition, table 12 1963 → 2024
Ownership of UK quoted shares: UK insurance companies
per cent of total UK quoted share value
Office for National Statistics, Ownership of UK quoted shares, 2024 edition, table 12 1963 → 2024
Ownership of UK quoted shares: UK pension funds
per cent of total UK quoted share value
Office for National Statistics, Ownership of UK quoted shares, 2024 edition, table 12 1963 → 2024
Ownership of UK quoted shares: Other UK financial institutions
per cent of total UK quoted share value
Office for National Statistics, Ownership of UK quoted shares, 2024 edition, table 12 1963 → 2024
Ownership of UK quoted shares: UK unit trusts
per cent of total UK quoted share value
Office for National Statistics, Ownership of UK quoted shares, 2024 edition, table 12 1963 → 2024
Ownership of UK quoted shares: UK investment trusts
per cent of total UK quoted share value
Office for National Statistics, Ownership of UK quoted shares, 2024 edition, table 12 1989 → 2024
Ownership of UK quoted shares: UK banks
per cent of total UK quoted share value
Office for National Statistics, Ownership of UK quoted shares, 2024 edition, table 12 1963 → 2024
Ownership of UK quoted shares: UK charities, churches and other non profit bodies
per cent of total UK quoted share value
Office for National Statistics, Ownership of UK quoted shares, 2024 edition, table 12 1963 → 2024
Ownership of UK quoted shares: UK private non financial companies
per cent of total UK quoted share value
Office for National Statistics, Ownership of UK quoted shares, 2024 edition, table 12 1963 → 2024
Ownership of UK quoted shares: UK public sector
per cent of total UK quoted share value
Office for National Statistics, Ownership of UK quoted shares, 2024 edition, table 12 1963 → 2024
Public finances
Holders of UK government debt: insurance companies and pension funds
per cent of gilts outstanding
UK Debt Management Office, distribution of gilt holdings (Office for National Statistics data) 1987 Q1 → 2026 Q1
Holders of UK government debt: overseas holders
per cent of gilts outstanding
UK Debt Management Office, distribution of gilt holdings (Office for National Statistics data) 1987 Q1 → 2026 Q1
Holders of UK government debt: the Bank of England
per cent of gilts outstanding
UK Debt Management Office, distribution of gilt holdings (Office for National Statistics data) 1987 Q1 → 2026 Q1
Holders of UK government debt: banks and building societies
per cent of gilts outstanding
UK Debt Management Office, distribution of gilt holdings (Office for National Statistics data) 1987 Q1 → 2026 Q1
Holders of UK government debt: households
per cent of gilts outstanding
UK Debt Management Office, distribution of gilt holdings (Office for National Statistics data) 1987 Q1 → 2026 Q1
Holders of UK government debt: other financial institutions
per cent of gilts outstanding
UK Debt Management Office, distribution of gilt holdings (Office for National Statistics data) 1987 Q1 → 2026 Q1
Holders of UK government debt: other holders
per cent of gilts outstanding
UK Debt Management Office, distribution of gilt holdings (Office for National Statistics data) 1987 Q1 → 2026 Q1
Public sector current expenditure
£ billion, cash
Office for Budget Responsibility, Public finances databank, July 2026 1946-47 → 2025-26
Public sector net investment
£ billion, cash
Office for Budget Responsibility, Public finances databank, July 2026 1946-47 → 2025-26
Public sector gross investment
£ billion, cash
Office for Budget Responsibility, Public finances databank, July 2026 1946-47 → 2025-26
Total managed expenditure
£ billion, cash
Office for Budget Responsibility, Public finances databank, July 2026 1946-47 → 2025-26
Public sector current expenditure as a share of GDP
per cent of GDP
Office for Budget Responsibility, Public finances databank, July 2026 1948-49 → 2025-26
Public sector net investment as a share of GDP
per cent of GDP
Office for Budget Responsibility, Public finances databank, July 2026 1948-49 → 2025-26
Public sector gross investment as a share of GDP
per cent of GDP
Office for Budget Responsibility, Public finances databank, July 2026 1948-49 → 2025-26
Total managed expenditure as a share of GDP
per cent of GDP
Office for Budget Responsibility, Public finances databank, July 2026 1948-49 → 2025-26
Public sector current spending as a share of GDP, long run
per cent of GDP
Office for Budget Responsibility, Historical public finances database 1900-01 → 2022-23
Public sector gross investment as a share of GDP, long run
per cent of GDP
Office for Budget Responsibility, Historical public finances database 1856-57 → 2022-23
Public sector current spending, long run
£ million, cash
Office for Budget Responsibility, Historical public finances database 1900-01 → 2022-23
Public sector gross investment, long run
£ million, cash
Office for Budget Responsibility, Historical public finances database 1856-57 → 2022-23
Public sector net worth, excluding public sector banks
£ billion
Office for National Statistics, public sector finances, series J8RQ 31 March 1998 → 31 March 2026
Public sector non financial assets
£ billion
Office for National Statistics, public sector finances, series JI5V 31 March 1998 → 31 March 2026
Public sector net financial liabilities, excluding public sector banks
£ billion
Office for National Statistics, public sector finances, series CPNF 31 March 1998 → 31 March 2026
Central government net acquisition of company securities
£ million, cash
Office for National Statistics, public sector finances, series ABIF 1978 → 2025
Government revenues from UK oil and gas production
£ million, cash
HM Revenue and Customs, Statistics of government revenues from UK oil and gas production, September 2025, Table 2 1968-69 → 2024-25
Whole of Government Accounts: total assets
£ billion
HM Treasury, Whole of Government Accounts 2011-12 → 2024-25
Whole of Government Accounts: total liabilities
£ billion
HM Treasury, Whole of Government Accounts 2013-14 → 2024-25
Whole of Government Accounts: net liabilities
£ billion
HM Treasury, Whole of Government Accounts 2011-12 → 2024-25
Norway Government Pension Fund Global: fund value
billion Norwegian kroner (NOK)
Norges Bank Investment Management, the fund’s value 1998 → 2025
Norway Government Pension Fund Global: cumulative inflows after management costs
billion Norwegian kroner (NOK)
Norges Bank Investment Management, the fund’s value 1998 → 2025
Norway Government Pension Fund Global: inflow of capital
billion Norwegian kroner (NOK)
Norges Bank Investment Management, the fund’s value 2021 → 2025
Norway Government Pension Fund Global: withdrawal of capital
billion Norwegian kroner (NOK)
Norges Bank Investment Management, the fund’s value 2021 → 2025
Cost of living
Petrol pump price, UK weekly average
pence per litre
Department for Energy Security and Net Zero, Weekly road fuel prices 9 Jun 2003 → 28 Sep 2026
Diesel pump price, UK weekly average
pence per litre
Department for Energy Security and Net Zero, Weekly road fuel prices 9 Jun 2003 → 28 Sep 2026
Fuel duty rate on petrol
pence per litre
Department for Energy Security and Net Zero, Weekly road fuel prices 9 Jun 2003 → 28 Sep 2026
Fuel duty rate on diesel
pence per litre
Department for Energy Security and Net Zero, Weekly road fuel prices 9 Jun 2003 → 28 Sep 2026
VAT rate applied to road fuel
per cent
Department for Energy Security and Net Zero, Weekly road fuel prices 9 Jun 2003 → 28 Sep 2026
Domestic heating oil price (standard grade burning oil)
pence per litre
Department for Energy Security and Net Zero, Table 4.1.1, typical retail prices of petroleum products and a crude oil price index (monthly) Jan 1989 → Sep 2026
Energy and environment
Brent crude oil spot price (Europe, free on board)
US dollars per barrel
U.S. Energy Information Administration, Europe Brent Spot Price FOB, EIA series key RBRTE May 1987 → Aug 2026
West Texas Intermediate crude oil spot price (Cushing, Oklahoma, free on board)
US dollars per barrel
U.S. Energy Information Administration, Cushing, OK WTI Spot Price FOB, EIA series key RWTC Jan 1986 → Aug 2026
The economy
Total gross value added (current prices)
GBP million
Office for National Statistics, GDP output approach, low level aggregates, worksheet 1, dataset identifier code KKP5 1990 → 2025
Gross value added: agriculture, forestry and fishing (current prices)
GBP million
Office for National Statistics, GDP output approach, low level aggregates, worksheet 1, dataset identifier code KKD5 1990 → 2025
Gross value added: production (current prices)
GBP million
Office for National Statistics, GDP output approach, low level aggregates, worksheet 1, dataset identifier code KKJ5 1990 → 2025
Gross value added: manufacturing (current prices)
GBP million
Office for National Statistics, GDP output approach, low level aggregates, worksheet 1, dataset identifier code KKE3 1990 → 2025
Gross value added: construction (current prices)
GBP million
Office for National Statistics, GDP output approach, low level aggregates, worksheet 1, dataset identifier code KKI3 1990 → 2025
Gross value added: services (current prices)
GBP million
Office for National Statistics, GDP output approach, low level aggregates, worksheet 1, dataset identifier code KKJ7 1990 → 2025
Health and society
Gini coefficient, equivalised household disposable income, UK
Gini coefficient (percent)
Office for National Statistics, Effects of taxes and benefits on household income 1977 → 2023/24
Gini coefficient, equivalised household gross income, UK
Gini coefficient (percent)
Office for National Statistics, Effects of taxes and benefits on household income 1977 → 2023/24
Gini coefficient, equivalised household original income, UK
Gini coefficient (percent)
Office for National Statistics, Effects of taxes and benefits on household income 1977 → 2023/24
Share of total household disposable income held by the richest 1% of people, UK
percent
Office for National Statistics, Effects of taxes and benefits on household income 2001/02 → 2023/24
Palma ratio, household disposable income, UK
ratio
Office for National Statistics, Effects of taxes and benefits on household income 1977 → 2023/24
S80 to S20 income ratio, UK
ratio
Office for National Statistics, Effects of taxes and benefits on household income 1977 → 2023/24
P90 to P10 income ratio, UK
ratio
Office for National Statistics, Effects of taxes and benefits on household income 1977 → 2023/24
Aggregate net property wealth, Great Britain
£ billion
Office for National Statistics, Wealth and Assets Survey July 2006 to June 2008 → April 2020 to March 2022
Aggregate private pension wealth, Great Britain
£ billion
Office for National Statistics, Wealth and Assets Survey July 2006 to June 2008 → April 2020 to March 2022
Aggregate net financial wealth, Great Britain
£ billion
Office for National Statistics, Wealth and Assets Survey July 2006 to June 2008 → April 2020 to March 2022
Aggregate physical wealth, Great Britain
£ billion
Office for National Statistics, Wealth and Assets Survey July 2006 to June 2008 → April 2020 to March 2022
Aggregate total household wealth, Great Britain
£ billion
Office for National Statistics, Wealth and Assets Survey July 2006 to June 2008 → April 2020 to March 2022
Property wealth as a share of total household wealth, Great Britain
percent
Office for National Statistics, Wealth and Assets Survey July 2006 to June 2008 → April 2020 to March 2022
Private pension wealth as a share of total household wealth, Great Britain
percent
Office for National Statistics, Wealth and Assets Survey July 2006 to June 2008 → April 2020 to March 2022
Net financial wealth as a share of total household wealth, Great Britain
percent
Office for National Statistics, Wealth and Assets Survey July 2006 to June 2008 → April 2020 to March 2022
Physical wealth as a share of total household wealth, Great Britain
percent
Office for National Statistics, Wealth and Assets Survey July 2006 to June 2008 → April 2020 to March 2022
Gini coefficient, total household wealth, Great Britain
Gini coefficient (0 to 1)
Office for National Statistics, Wealth and Assets Survey July 2006 to June 2008 → April 2020 to March 2022
Gini coefficient, net property wealth, Great Britain
Gini coefficient (0 to 1)
Office for National Statistics, Wealth and Assets Survey July 2006 to June 2008 → April 2020 to March 2022
Gini coefficient, private pension wealth, Great Britain
Gini coefficient (0 to 1)
Office for National Statistics, Wealth and Assets Survey July 2006 to June 2008 → April 2020 to March 2022
Gini coefficient, net financial wealth, Great Britain
Gini coefficient (0 to 1)
Office for National Statistics, Wealth and Assets Survey July 2006 to June 2008 → April 2020 to March 2022
Gini coefficient, physical wealth, Great Britain
Gini coefficient (0 to 1)
Office for National Statistics, Wealth and Assets Survey July 2006 to June 2008 → April 2020 to March 2022
Median household total wealth, Great Britain
£
Office for National Statistics, Wealth and Assets Survey July 2006 to June 2008 → April 2020 to March 2022
Median household wealth excluding private pensions, Great Britain
£
Office for National Statistics, Wealth and Assets Survey July 2006 to June 2008 → April 2020 to March 2022
Household total wealth at the 25th percentile, Great Britain
£
Office for National Statistics, Wealth and Assets Survey July 2006 to June 2008 → April 2020 to March 2022
Household total wealth at the 75th percentile, Great Britain
£
Office for National Statistics, Wealth and Assets Survey July 2006 to June 2008 → April 2020 to March 2022
Aggregate total wealth held by the wealthiest tenth of households, Great Britain
£ million
Office for National Statistics, Wealth and Assets Survey July 2006 to June 2008 → April 2020 to March 2022
Aggregate total wealth held by the least wealthy tenth of households, Great Britain
£ million
Office for National Statistics, Wealth and Assets Survey July 2006 to June 2008 → April 2020 to March 2022
Aggregate household property debt, Great Britain
£ billion
Office for National Statistics, Wealth and Assets Survey, household debt tables July 2010 to June 2012 → April 2020 to March 2022
Aggregate household financial debt, Great Britain
£ billion
Office for National Statistics, Wealth and Assets Survey, household debt tables July 2010 to June 2012 → April 2020 to March 2022
Aggregate household total debt, Great Britain
£ billion
Office for National Statistics, Wealth and Assets Survey, household debt tables July 2010 to June 2012 → April 2020 to March 2022
Percentage of households with property debt, Great Britain
percent
Office for National Statistics, Wealth and Assets Survey, household debt tables July 2010 to June 2012 → April 2020 to March 2022
Percentage of households with financial debt, Great Britain
percent
Office for National Statistics, Wealth and Assets Survey, household debt tables July 2010 to June 2012 → April 2020 to March 2022
Median property debt among households holding it, Great Britain
£
Office for National Statistics, Wealth and Assets Survey, household debt tables July 2010 to June 2012 → April 2020 to March 2022
Median financial debt among households holding it, Great Britain
£
Office for National Statistics, Wealth and Assets Survey, household debt tables July 2010 to June 2012 → April 2020 to March 2022
Housing
Median house price, England and Wales
£
Office for National Statistics, House price to workplace based earnings ratio 1997 → 2025
Cost of living
Median gross annual full time earnings, workplace based, England and Wales
£
Office for National Statistics, House price to workplace based earnings ratio 1997 → 2025
Housing
House price to a single full time salary, England and Wales
ratio
Office for National Statistics, House price to workplace based earnings ratio 1997 → 2025 approx dates
Cost of living
Mean gross annual household income, UK, cash terms
£
Office for National Statistics, Effects of taxes and benefits on household income 1997 → 2023
Housing
House price to gross household income
ratio
Derived from Office for National Statistics house price and household income series 1997 → 2023 approx dates
Average house price, United Kingdom, 1930 onwards
£
Ministry of Housing, Communities and Local Government, Live Table 502, housing market: house prices from 1930 1930 → 2010
Quoted mortgage rate, two year fixed, 75% loan to value, UK
percent
Bank of England, Interactive Statistical Database, quoted household interest rates Jan 1995 → Aug 2026
Quoted mortgage rate, two year fixed, 90% loan to value, UK
percent
Bank of England, Interactive Statistical Database, quoted household interest rates May 2008 → Aug 2026
Quoted mortgage revert to rate, UK
percent
Bank of England, Interactive Statistical Database, quoted household interest rates Jan 1995 → Aug 2026
Variable mortgage rate, UK, spliced long run
percent
Bank of England, A millennium of macroeconomic data for the UK, table M12 Sep 1939 → Mar 2017
Mortgage payments as a proportion of household income, owner occupiers, England
percent
Ministry of Housing, Communities and Local Government, English Housing Survey, annex table 2.5 2010-11 → 2024-25
Average age of recent first time buyers, England
years
Ministry of Housing, Communities and Local Government, English Housing Survey, annex table 3.3 2003-04 → 2024-25
Mean deposit paid by recent first time buyers, England
£
Ministry of Housing, Communities and Local Government, English Housing Survey, annex table 2.1 2024-25 → 2024-25
Median deposit paid by recent first time buyers, England
£
Ministry of Housing, Communities and Local Government, English Housing Survey, annex table 2.1 2024-25 → 2024-25
Tax rates and thresholds
Income tax personal allowance
the income you can earn before paying income tax
HM Revenue and Customs, Table A.1 Income Tax personal allowances and reliefs 1990-91 → 2025-26
Income tax higher-rate threshold
total income at which the 40% rate starts
HM Revenue and Customs, Table A.2 Rates of Income Tax 1990-91 → 2025-26
Basic rate of income tax
per cent
gov.uk, Income Tax rates and Personal Allowances 2010-11 → 2025-26
Higher rate of income tax
per cent
gov.uk, Income Tax rates and Personal Allowances 2010-11 → 2025-26
Additional rate of income tax
per cent
gov.uk, Income Tax rates and Personal Allowances 2013-14 → 2025-26
VAT standard rate
per cent
gov.uk, VAT rates 2010-11 → 2025-26
Employee National Insurance, main rate
per cent
gov.uk, National Insurance rates and allowances 2010-11 → 2025-26
Employer National Insurance, main rate
per cent
gov.uk, National Insurance rates and allowances 2010-11 → 2025-26
Corporation tax, main rate
per cent
gov.uk, Corporation Tax rates and reliefs 2010-11 → 2025-26
Crime and the justice system
Crime severity score
severity score per 1,000 population, England and Wales
Office for National Statistics, Crime Severity Score 2002-03 → 2024-25
Recorded crime, offence rate
offences per 1,000 population, England and Wales
Office for National Statistics, Crime Severity Score 2002-03 → 2024-25
Violence against the person, severity
severity score per 1,000 population, England and Wales
Office for National Statistics, Crime Severity Score 2002-03 → 2024-25
Sexual offences, severity
severity score per 1,000 population, England and Wales
Office for National Statistics, Crime Severity Score 2002-03 → 2024-25
Robbery, severity
severity score per 1,000 population, England and Wales
Office for National Statistics, Crime Severity Score 2002-03 → 2024-25
Theft offences, severity
severity score per 1,000 population, England and Wales
Office for National Statistics, Crime Severity Score 2002-03 → 2024-25
Criminal damage and arson, severity
severity score per 1,000 population, England and Wales
Office for National Statistics, Crime Severity Score 2002-03 → 2024-25
Other crimes against society, severity
severity score per 1,000 population, England and Wales
Office for National Statistics, Crime Severity Score 2002-03 → 2024-25
Stop and search rate, White people
stop and searches per 1,000 people of that group, England and Wales
Home Office, Stop and search, via Ethnicity facts and figures 2006-07 → 2025-26
Stop and search rate, Black people
stop and searches per 1,000 people of that group, England and Wales
Home Office, Stop and search, via Ethnicity facts and figures 2006-07 → 2025-26
Stop and search rate, Asian people
stop and searches per 1,000 people of that group, England and Wales
Home Office, Stop and search, via Ethnicity facts and figures 2006-07 → 2025-26
Stop and search rate, Mixed people
stop and searches per 1,000 people of that group, England and Wales
Home Office, Stop and search, via Ethnicity facts and figures 2006-07 → 2025-26
Stop and search rate, Other people
stop and searches per 1,000 people of that group, England and Wales
Home Office, Stop and search, via Ethnicity facts and figures 2019-20 → 2025-26
Arrest rate, White people
arrests per 1,000 people of that group, England and Wales
Home Office, Arrests by ethnicity, time series (stop and search, arrests and mental health detentions, year ending March 2026) 2006-07 → 2025-26
Arrest rate, Black people
arrests per 1,000 people of that group, England and Wales
Home Office, Arrests by ethnicity, time series (stop and search, arrests and mental health detentions, year ending March 2026) 2006-07 → 2025-26
Arrest rate, Asian people
arrests per 1,000 people of that group, England and Wales
Home Office, Arrests by ethnicity, time series (stop and search, arrests and mental health detentions, year ending March 2026) 2006-07 → 2025-26
Arrest rate, Mixed people
arrests per 1,000 people of that group, England and Wales
Home Office, Arrests by ethnicity, time series (stop and search, arrests and mental health detentions, year ending March 2026) 2006-07 → 2025-26
Arrest rate, Other people
arrests per 1,000 people of that group, England and Wales
Home Office, Arrests by ethnicity, time series (stop and search, arrests and mental health detentions, year ending March 2026) 2006-07 → 2025-26
Prison population, White prisoners
people in prison in England and Wales, headcount on the date shown
Ministry of Justice, Offender management statistics quarterly, prison population 30 June 2025 → 30 June 2026
Prison population, Black prisoners
people in prison in England and Wales, headcount on the date shown
Ministry of Justice, Offender management statistics quarterly, prison population 30 June 2025 → 30 June 2026
Prison population, Asian prisoners
people in prison in England and Wales, headcount on the date shown
Ministry of Justice, Offender management statistics quarterly, prison population 30 June 2025 → 30 June 2026
Prison population, Mixed prisoners
people in prison in England and Wales, headcount on the date shown
Ministry of Justice, Offender management statistics quarterly, prison population 30 June 2025 → 30 June 2026
Prison population, Other prisoners
people in prison in England and Wales, headcount on the date shown
Ministry of Justice, Offender management statistics quarterly, prison population 30 June 2025 → 30 June 2026
Prison population, British nationals
people in prison in England and Wales, headcount on the date shown
Ministry of Justice, Offender management statistics quarterly, prison population 30 June 2025 → 30 June 2026
Prison population, foreign nationals
people in prison in England and Wales, headcount on the date shown
Ministry of Justice, Offender management statistics quarterly, prison population 30 June 2025 → 30 June 2026
Remanded in custody, Black defendants, compared with white defendants
rate relative to white defendants, where 1.0 is the same rate
Ministry of Justice, Statistics on Ethnicity and the Criminal Justice System 2024 2020 → 2024
Remanded in custody, Asian defendants, compared with white defendants
rate relative to white defendants, where 1.0 is the same rate
Ministry of Justice, Statistics on Ethnicity and the Criminal Justice System 2024 2020 → 2024
Remanded in custody, Mixed defendants, compared with white defendants
rate relative to white defendants, where 1.0 is the same rate
Ministry of Justice, Statistics on Ethnicity and the Criminal Justice System 2024 2020 → 2024
Remanded in custody, Other defendants, compared with white defendants
rate relative to white defendants, where 1.0 is the same rate
Ministry of Justice, Statistics on Ethnicity and the Criminal Justice System 2024 2020 → 2024
Pleaded guilty at Crown Court, Black defendants, compared with white defendants
rate relative to white defendants, where 1.0 is the same rate
Ministry of Justice, Statistics on Ethnicity and the Criminal Justice System 2024 2020 → 2024
Pleaded guilty at Crown Court, Asian defendants, compared with white defendants
rate relative to white defendants, where 1.0 is the same rate
Ministry of Justice, Statistics on Ethnicity and the Criminal Justice System 2024 2020 → 2024
Pleaded guilty at Crown Court, Mixed defendants, compared with white defendants
rate relative to white defendants, where 1.0 is the same rate
Ministry of Justice, Statistics on Ethnicity and the Criminal Justice System 2024 2020 → 2024
Pleaded guilty at Crown Court, Other defendants, compared with white defendants
rate relative to white defendants, where 1.0 is the same rate
Ministry of Justice, Statistics on Ethnicity and the Criminal Justice System 2024 2020 → 2024
Average custodial sentence, White prisoners
months, determinate sentences of released prisoners
Ministry of Justice, Statistics on Ethnicity and the Criminal Justice System 2024 2020 → 2024
Average custodial sentence, Black prisoners
months, determinate sentences of released prisoners
Ministry of Justice, Statistics on Ethnicity and the Criminal Justice System 2024 2020 → 2024
Average custodial sentence, Asian prisoners
months, determinate sentences of released prisoners
Ministry of Justice, Statistics on Ethnicity and the Criminal Justice System 2024 2020 → 2024
Average custodial sentence, Mixed prisoners
months, determinate sentences of released prisoners
Ministry of Justice, Statistics on Ethnicity and the Criminal Justice System 2024 2020 → 2024
Average custodial sentence, Other prisoners
months, determinate sentences of released prisoners
Ministry of Justice, Statistics on Ethnicity and the Criminal Justice System 2024 2020 → 2024
Sent straight to prison, Black offenders, compared with white offenders
rate relative to white offenders, where 1.0 is the same rate
Ministry of Justice, Statistics on Ethnicity and the Criminal Justice System 2024 2020 → 2024
Sent straight to prison, Asian offenders, compared with white offenders
rate relative to white offenders, where 1.0 is the same rate
Ministry of Justice, Statistics on Ethnicity and the Criminal Justice System 2024 2020 → 2024
Sent straight to prison, Mixed offenders, compared with white offenders
rate relative to white offenders, where 1.0 is the same rate
Ministry of Justice, Statistics on Ethnicity and the Criminal Justice System 2024 2020 → 2024
Sent straight to prison, Other offenders, compared with white offenders
rate relative to white offenders, where 1.0 is the same rate
Ministry of Justice, Statistics on Ethnicity and the Criminal Justice System 2024 2020 → 2024
Chance of prison for a like-for-like case, White offenders
per cent, modelled probability for a reference offender
Ministry of Justice, Statistics on Ethnicity and the Criminal Justice System 2024 2020 → 2024
Chance of prison for a like-for-like case, Black offenders
per cent, modelled probability for a reference offender
Ministry of Justice, Statistics on Ethnicity and the Criminal Justice System 2024 2020 → 2024
Chance of prison for a like-for-like case, Asian offenders
per cent, modelled probability for a reference offender
Ministry of Justice, Statistics on Ethnicity and the Criminal Justice System 2024 2020 → 2024
Chance of prison for a like-for-like case, Mixed offenders
per cent, modelled probability for a reference offender
Ministry of Justice, Statistics on Ethnicity and the Criminal Justice System 2024 2020 → 2024
Chance of prison for a like-for-like case, Other offenders
per cent, modelled probability for a reference offender
Ministry of Justice, Statistics on Ethnicity and the Criminal Justice System 2024 2020 → 2024
Convicted once prosecuted, White defendants
per cent of those prosecuted for an indictable offence who were convicted
Ministry of Justice, Criminal justice statistics, via Ethnicity facts and figures 2009 → 2017
Convicted once prosecuted, Black defendants
per cent of those prosecuted for an indictable offence who were convicted
Ministry of Justice, Criminal justice statistics, via Ethnicity facts and figures 2009 → 2017
Convicted once prosecuted, Asian defendants
per cent of those prosecuted for an indictable offence who were convicted
Ministry of Justice, Criminal justice statistics, via Ethnicity facts and figures 2009 → 2017
Convicted once prosecuted, Mixed defendants
per cent of those prosecuted for an indictable offence who were convicted
Ministry of Justice, Criminal justice statistics, via Ethnicity facts and figures 2009 → 2017
Convicted once prosecuted, Other defendants
per cent of those prosecuted for an indictable offence who were convicted
Ministry of Justice, Criminal justice statistics, via Ethnicity facts and figures 2009 → 2017
Crimes ending in a charge
per cent of crimes recorded by police, England and Wales
Home Office, Crime outcomes in England and Wales, year ending March 2026 Year to Mar 2015 → Year to Mar 2026
Crimes closed with no suspect identified
per cent of crimes recorded by police, England and Wales
Home Office, Crime outcomes in England and Wales, year ending March 2026 Year to Mar 2015 → Year to Mar 2026
Crimes closed because the victim did not support action
per cent of crimes recorded by police, England and Wales
Home Office, Crime outcomes in England and Wales, year ending March 2026 Year to Mar 2015 → Year to Mar 2026
Tax rates and thresholds
Income tax additional-rate threshold
total income at which the 45% rate starts
HM Revenue and Customs, Table A.2 Rates of Income Tax 2010-11 → 2025-26
Capital gains tax annual exempt amount
the gains you can make before paying capital gains tax
HM Revenue and Customs, Capital Gains Tax rates and allowances 2021-22 → 2025-26
Health and society
Share of total income received by the poorest tenth of people, before housing costs
percent
Department for Work and Pensions, Households Below Average Income, table 2.2ts 1994-95 → 2024-25
Share of total income received by the second tenth of people, before housing costs
percent
Department for Work and Pensions, Households Below Average Income, table 2.2ts 1994-95 → 2024-25
Share of total income received by the third tenth of people, before housing costs
percent
Department for Work and Pensions, Households Below Average Income, table 2.2ts 1994-95 → 2024-25
Share of total income received by the fourth tenth of people, before housing costs
percent
Department for Work and Pensions, Households Below Average Income, table 2.2ts 1994-95 → 2024-25
Share of total income received by the fifth tenth of people, before housing costs
percent
Department for Work and Pensions, Households Below Average Income, table 2.2ts 1994-95 → 2024-25
Share of total income received by the sixth tenth of people, before housing costs
percent
Department for Work and Pensions, Households Below Average Income, table 2.2ts 1994-95 → 2024-25
Share of total income received by the seventh tenth of people, before housing costs
percent
Department for Work and Pensions, Households Below Average Income, table 2.2ts 1994-95 → 2024-25
Share of total income received by the eighth tenth of people, before housing costs
percent
Department for Work and Pensions, Households Below Average Income, table 2.2ts 1994-95 → 2024-25
Share of total income received by the ninth tenth of people, before housing costs
percent
Department for Work and Pensions, Households Below Average Income, table 2.2ts 1994-95 → 2024-25
Share of total income received by the richest tenth of people, before housing costs
percent
Department for Work and Pensions, Households Below Average Income, table 2.2ts 1994-95 → 2024-25
Share of total income received by the poorest tenth of people, after housing costs
percent
Department for Work and Pensions, Households Below Average Income, table 2.2ts 1994-95 → 2024-25
Share of total income received by the second tenth of people, after housing costs
percent
Department for Work and Pensions, Households Below Average Income, table 2.2ts 1994-95 → 2024-25
Share of total income received by the third tenth of people, after housing costs
percent
Department for Work and Pensions, Households Below Average Income, table 2.2ts 1994-95 → 2024-25
Share of total income received by the fourth tenth of people, after housing costs
percent
Department for Work and Pensions, Households Below Average Income, table 2.2ts 1994-95 → 2024-25
Share of total income received by the fifth tenth of people, after housing costs
percent
Department for Work and Pensions, Households Below Average Income, table 2.2ts 1994-95 → 2024-25
Share of total income received by the sixth tenth of people, after housing costs
percent
Department for Work and Pensions, Households Below Average Income, table 2.2ts 1994-95 → 2024-25
Share of total income received by the seventh tenth of people, after housing costs
percent
Department for Work and Pensions, Households Below Average Income, table 2.2ts 1994-95 → 2024-25
Share of total income received by the eighth tenth of people, after housing costs
percent
Department for Work and Pensions, Households Below Average Income, table 2.2ts 1994-95 → 2024-25
Share of total income received by the ninth tenth of people, after housing costs
percent
Department for Work and Pensions, Households Below Average Income, table 2.2ts 1994-95 → 2024-25
Share of total income received by the richest tenth of people, after housing costs
percent
Department for Work and Pensions, Households Below Average Income, table 2.2ts 1994-95 → 2024-25
Share of total disposable income received by the poorest tenth of households, long run
percent
Office for National Statistics, The effects of taxes and benefits on household income, historical datasets 1977 → 2017-18
Share of total disposable income received by the second tenth of households, long run
percent
Office for National Statistics, The effects of taxes and benefits on household income, historical datasets 1977 → 2017-18
Share of total disposable income received by the third tenth of households, long run
percent
Office for National Statistics, The effects of taxes and benefits on household income, historical datasets 1977 → 2017-18
Share of total disposable income received by the fourth tenth of households, long run
percent
Office for National Statistics, The effects of taxes and benefits on household income, historical datasets 1977 → 2017-18
Share of total disposable income received by the fifth tenth of households, long run
percent
Office for National Statistics, The effects of taxes and benefits on household income, historical datasets 1977 → 2017-18
Share of total disposable income received by the sixth tenth of households, long run
percent
Office for National Statistics, The effects of taxes and benefits on household income, historical datasets 1977 → 2017-18
Share of total disposable income received by the seventh tenth of households, long run
percent
Office for National Statistics, The effects of taxes and benefits on household income, historical datasets 1977 → 2017-18
Share of total disposable income received by the eighth tenth of households, long run
percent
Office for National Statistics, The effects of taxes and benefits on household income, historical datasets 1977 → 2017-18
Share of total disposable income received by the ninth tenth of households, long run
percent
Office for National Statistics, The effects of taxes and benefits on household income, historical datasets 1977 → 2017-18
Share of total disposable income received by the richest tenth of households, long run
percent
Office for National Statistics, The effects of taxes and benefits on household income, historical datasets 1977 → 2017-18
Share of total household wealth held by the least wealthy tenth of households, Great Britain
percent
Office for National Statistics, Wealth and Assets Survey, Total wealth, table 2.2 July 2006 to June 2008 → April 2020 to March 2022
Share of total household wealth held by the second tenth of households, Great Britain
percent
Office for National Statistics, Wealth and Assets Survey, Total wealth, table 2.2 July 2006 to June 2008 → April 2020 to March 2022
Share of total household wealth held by the third tenth of households, Great Britain
percent
Office for National Statistics, Wealth and Assets Survey, Total wealth, table 2.2 July 2006 to June 2008 → April 2020 to March 2022
Share of total household wealth held by the fourth tenth of households, Great Britain
percent
Office for National Statistics, Wealth and Assets Survey, Total wealth, table 2.2 July 2006 to June 2008 → April 2020 to March 2022
Share of total household wealth held by the fifth tenth of households, Great Britain
percent
Office for National Statistics, Wealth and Assets Survey, Total wealth, table 2.2 July 2006 to June 2008 → April 2020 to March 2022
Share of total household wealth held by the sixth tenth of households, Great Britain
percent
Office for National Statistics, Wealth and Assets Survey, Total wealth, table 2.2 July 2006 to June 2008 → April 2020 to March 2022
Share of total household wealth held by the seventh tenth of households, Great Britain
percent
Office for National Statistics, Wealth and Assets Survey, Total wealth, table 2.2 July 2006 to June 2008 → April 2020 to March 2022
Share of total household wealth held by the eighth tenth of households, Great Britain
percent
Office for National Statistics, Wealth and Assets Survey, Total wealth, table 2.2 July 2006 to June 2008 → April 2020 to March 2022
Share of total household wealth held by the ninth tenth of households, Great Britain
percent
Office for National Statistics, Wealth and Assets Survey, Total wealth, table 2.2 July 2006 to June 2008 → April 2020 to March 2022
Share of total household wealth held by the wealthiest tenth of households, Great Britain
percent
Office for National Statistics, Wealth and Assets Survey, Total wealth, table 2.2 July 2006 to June 2008 → April 2020 to March 2022
Share of total household debt owed by the least wealthy tenth of households, Great Britain
percent
Office for National Statistics, Wealth and Assets Survey, Household debt, table 7.3 July 2010 to June 2012 → April 2020 to March 2022
Share of total household debt owed by the second tenth of households, Great Britain
percent
Office for National Statistics, Wealth and Assets Survey, Household debt, table 7.3 July 2010 to June 2012 → April 2020 to March 2022
Share of total household debt owed by the third tenth of households, Great Britain
percent
Office for National Statistics, Wealth and Assets Survey, Household debt, table 7.3 July 2010 to June 2012 → April 2020 to March 2022
Share of total household debt owed by the fourth tenth of households, Great Britain
percent
Office for National Statistics, Wealth and Assets Survey, Household debt, table 7.3 July 2010 to June 2012 → April 2020 to March 2022
Share of total household debt owed by the fifth tenth of households, Great Britain
percent
Office for National Statistics, Wealth and Assets Survey, Household debt, table 7.3 July 2010 to June 2012 → April 2020 to March 2022
Share of total household debt owed by the sixth tenth of households, Great Britain
percent
Office for National Statistics, Wealth and Assets Survey, Household debt, table 7.3 July 2010 to June 2012 → April 2020 to March 2022
Share of total household debt owed by the seventh tenth of households, Great Britain
percent
Office for National Statistics, Wealth and Assets Survey, Household debt, table 7.3 July 2010 to June 2012 → April 2020 to March 2022
Share of total household debt owed by the eighth tenth of households, Great Britain
percent
Office for National Statistics, Wealth and Assets Survey, Household debt, table 7.3 July 2010 to June 2012 → April 2020 to March 2022
Share of total household debt owed by the ninth tenth of households, Great Britain
percent
Office for National Statistics, Wealth and Assets Survey, Household debt, table 7.3 July 2010 to June 2012 → April 2020 to March 2022
Share of total household debt owed by the wealthiest tenth of households, Great Britain
percent
Office for National Statistics, Wealth and Assets Survey, Household debt, table 7.3 July 2010 to June 2012 → April 2020 to March 2022
Housing
Return on capital of the 12 largest housebuilders
percent
Competition and Markets Authority, Housebuilding market study, Appendix A: Profitability, table A.1 2003 → 2022
Cost of capital for the largest housebuilders (Competition and Markets Authority estimate)
percent
Competition and Markets Authority, Housebuilding market study, Appendix B: Cost of capital, table B.4 2003 → 2022
Persimmon: operating margin
percent
Persimmon plc, annual reports 2007 → 2025
Barratt Redrow: operating margin
percent
Barratt Redrow plc, annual reports and results 2008 → 2025
Bellway: operating margin
percent
Bellway p.l.c., annual reports 2006 → 2025
Berkeley Group: operating margin
percent
The Berkeley Group Holdings plc, results announcements 2007 → 2026
Taylor Wimpey: operating margin
percent
Taylor Wimpey plc, annual reports 2018 → 2025
Vistry Group: operating margin
percent
Vistry Group plc, results 2020 → 2025
Price of building new housing (construction output price index)
index, 2015 = 100
Office for National Statistics, Construction output price indices, new housing Dec 2014 → Dec 2025
Price of building private housing, 1955 to 2012 (discontinued index)
index, 2005 = 100
Department for Business, Innovation and Skills, Quarterly construction price and cost indices 1955 → 2012
Price of building materials for new housing
index, 2015 = 100
Department for Business and Trade, Monthly statistics of building materials and components, table 1b 1996 → 2025
Average weekly pay in construction
£ per week, cash
Office for National Statistics, Average weekly earnings, construction (K583) 2000 → 2025
Average price of a new build home, England
£
HM Land Registry, UK House Price Index, new and existing homes Dec 1995 → Dec 2025
Average price of an existing home, England
£
HM Land Registry, UK House Price Index, new and existing homes Dec 1995 → Dec 2025
Privatised industries
Dividends paid by the water companies, England and Wales
£ million, cash
Ofwat, Historic dividends since privatisation 1990-91 → 2024-25
Capital investment by the water companies, England and Wales
£ million, 2024-25 prices
Ofwat, Long term data series of company costs 1985-86 → 2024-25
Regulatory capital value of the water companies, 1990 to 2009
£ million, 2008-09 prices
Ofwat, Financial performance and expenditure of the water companies 2008-09 (UK Government Web Archive) 31 March 1990 → 31 March 2009
Water companies' borrowing as a share of their asset value (gearing)
percent of regulatory capital value
Ofwat, Financial performance and expenditure reports 2003-04 to 2009-10 and 2012-13 data tables (UK Government Web Archive) 31 March 2000 → 31 March 2013
Net debt of the water companies, England and Wales
£ million, cash at each year end
Ofwat, Financial performance reports and Monitoring financial resilience reports 31 March 2001 → 31 March 2025
Rail passenger journeys, Great Britain
million journeys
Office of Rail and Road, Table 1220: Passenger journeys 1872 → 2025-26
Government support to the railway, Great Britain
£ million, 2024-25 prices
Office of Rail and Road, Table 7270: Government support to the rail industry 1985-86 → 2024-25
Transport
Public spending on national roads
£ million, cash, financial year
Department for Transport, Transport Statistics Great Britain, table TSGB1303 2005-06 → 2023-24
Public spending on local roads
£ million, cash, financial year
Department for Transport, Transport Statistics Great Britain, table TSGB1303 2005-06 → 2023-24
Public spending on local public transport
£ million, cash, financial year
Department for Transport, Transport Statistics Great Britain, table TSGB1303 2005-06 → 2023-24
Public spending on railways
£ million, cash, financial year
Department for Transport, Transport Statistics Great Britain, table TSGB1303 2005-06 → 2023-24
Public spending on other transport (ports, shipping and aviation)
£ million, cash, financial year
Department for Transport, Transport Statistics Great Britain, table TSGB1303 2005-06 → 2023-24
Public spending on transport, all modes
£bn, cash, financial year
HM Treasury, Public Expenditure Statistical Analyses 2026, table 4.2 2003-04 → 2025-26
Energy and environment
Wholesale gas price, day ahead (Great Britain)
pence per therm, monthly average
Ofgem, Wholesale market indicators Oct 2009 → Jun 2026
Wholesale electricity price, day ahead (Great Britain)
£ per megawatt hour, monthly average
Ofgem, Wholesale market indicators Jun 2010 → Jun 2026
Cost of living
Food price inflation (food and non alcoholic drinks)
% change on a year earlier
Office for National Statistics, Consumer price inflation, series D7G8 Jan 1989 → Aug 2026
Price of a white sliced loaf, 800g, 1971 to 2025
pence
Office for National Statistics, average price series CZOH Jan 1971 → Jan 2025
Price of a pint of milk, 1971 to 2025
pence
Office for National Statistics, average price series CZNT Jan 1971 → Jan 2025
Price of a white sliced loaf, 800g, from 2025
£
Office for National Statistics, Shopping prices comparison tool Jan 2025 → Aug 2026
Price of semi skimmed milk, 1136ml (two pints), from 2025
£
Office for National Statistics, Shopping prices comparison tool Jan 2025 → Aug 2026
Price of a dozen free range eggs, from 2025
£
Office for National Statistics, Shopping prices comparison tool Jan 2025 → Aug 2026
Housing
Households of one person living alone
thousands of households
Office for National Statistics, Families and households in the UK: 2025 1996 → 2025
Households of one person aged 65 or over living alone
thousands of households
Office for National Statistics, Families and households in the UK: 2025 1996 → 2025
Households of one couple, with or without children
thousands of households
Office for National Statistics, Families and households in the UK: 2025 1996 → 2025
Households of a couple with no children living with them
thousands of households
Office for National Statistics, Families and households in the UK: 2025 1996 → 2025
Households of a lone parent with dependent children
thousands of households
Office for National Statistics, Families and households in the UK: 2025 1996 → 2025
Households containing more than one family
thousands of households
Office for National Statistics, Families and households in the UK: 2025 1996 → 2025
Households of two or more unrelated adults
thousands of households
Office for National Statistics, Families and households in the UK: 2025 1996 → 2025
Share of households of one person, 1971 to 2011 (Great Britain)
percent of households
Office for National Statistics, General Lifestyle Survey overview 2011, chapter 3 trend tables 1971 → 2011
Health and society
Families with dependent children
thousands of families
Office for National Statistics, Families and households in the UK: 2025 1996 → 2025
Lone parent families as a share of families with dependent children
percent of families with dependent children
Office for National Statistics, Families and households in the UK: 2025, table 1 (share calculated by this site) 1996 → 2025
Lone parents as a share of families with dependent children, 1971 to 2011 (Great Britain)
percent of families with dependent children
Office for National Statistics, General Lifestyle Survey overview 2011, chapter 3 trend tables 1971 → 2011
Total fertility rate, England and Wales
children per woman
Office for National Statistics, Births in England and Wales: 2024 (refreshed populations), and birth registrations 2025 1938 → 2025
Housing
House price to income, first time buyers with a mortgage
times gross income of the borrowers
Office for National Statistics, House price data annual tables, table 30 1969 → 2025
House price to income, all buyers with a mortgage
times gross income of the borrowers
Office for National Statistics, House price data annual tables, table 30 1969 → 2025
Mortgage size to income, first time buyers
times gross income of the borrowers
Office for National Statistics, House price data annual tables, table 30 1969 → 2025
Mortgage payment as a share of income, first time buyers
percent of gross income of the borrowers
Office for National Statistics, House price data annual tables, table 38 1988 → 2025
Mortgage payment as a share of income, all new buyers
percent of gross income of the borrowers
Office for National Statistics, House price data annual tables, table 38 1988 → 2025
Mortgage payments as a share of all household income (Bank of England)
percent of household post tax income
Bank of England, Financial Stability Report, July 2026, chart 5.3 data Q2 1989 → Q4 2025
Share of mortgage lending at 4 times income or more, single income borrowers
percent of regulated mortgage lending
Bank of England and Financial Conduct Authority, Mortgage lenders and administrators statistics, table 1.31 Q1 2007 → Q2 2026
Share of mortgage lending at 3 times income or more, joint income borrowers
percent of regulated mortgage lending
Bank of England and Financial Conduct Authority, Mortgage lenders and administrators statistics, table 1.31 Q1 2007 → Q2 2026
Markets
FTSE 100
index level, GBP
Yahoo Finance historical data Nov 1986 → Sep 2026
FTSE 250
index level, GBP
Yahoo Finance historical data Nov 1986 → Sep 2026
FTSE SmallCap
index level, GBP
Yahoo Finance historical data Mar 1993 → Sep 2026
S&P 500
index level, USD
Yahoo Finance historical data Nov 1986 → Sep 2026
Nasdaq Composite
index level, USD
Yahoo Finance historical data Nov 1986 → Sep 2026
Russell 2000
index level, USD
Yahoo Finance historical data Oct 1987 → Sep 2026
EURO STOXX 50
index level, EUR
Yahoo Finance historical data Apr 2007 → Sep 2026
Nikkei 225
index level, JPY
Yahoo Finance historical data Nov 1986 → Sep 2026
Hang Seng
index level, HKD
Yahoo Finance historical data Jan 1987 → Sep 2026
S&P/ASX 200
index level, AUD
Yahoo Finance historical data Dec 1992 → Sep 2026
OMX Stockholm 30
index level, SEK
Yahoo Finance historical data Dec 2008 → Sep 2026

Government income and spending

The income and spending figures are built on the Office for National Statistics (ONS) public sector finances basis, so that income minus spending equals borrowing exactly rather than approximately. Composition detail comes from His Majesty's Revenue and Customs (HMRC) receipts data, HM Treasury public spending analyses, and the Office for Budget Responsibility (OBR).

Both years are published outturns. The Office for National Statistics describes the figures for the financial year ending March 2026 as provisional, so they can still be revised.

Pledge tracker

Pledge assessments draw on Full Fact's government tracker and House of Commons Library research briefings, both of which cite the underlying official data. Where no numeric target was ever set by the government, the tracker says so rather than inventing one to score against.

Licensing and attribution

Most of the data here is Crown copyright, published under the Open Government Licence version 3.0, which permits reuse with attribution:

Contains public sector information licensed under the Open Government Licence v3.0.

Some sources sit outside that licence and are treated accordingly:

Checking a figure yourself

Click the source link under any card. It goes to the official release, not to a summary of it. Where a figure needed a judgement call, for example choosing between two published measures of the same thing, the card says so.

Official statistics are also revised after publication, sometimes years later. A figure here reflects what the source said when this data was compiled, and the snapshot date is shown in the footer. If you find a figure that no longer matches its source, that is worth telling us about, and the corrections section explains how.